🔴 1️⃣ Simple Subject (सरल कर्ता)
👉 जब वाक्य में एक ही noun या pronoun subject हो।
Contents
✅ Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object
🔹 Examples (10)
- Ram plays cricket.
राम क्रिकेट खेलता है। - She is happy.
वह खुश है। - The dog barks loudly.
कुत्ता जोर से भौंकता है। - I am ready.
मैं तैयार हूँ। - The teacher teaches English.
अध्यापक अंग्रेजी पढ़ाते हैं। - He runs fast.
वह तेज दौड़ता है। - The sun rises in the east.
सूरज पूर्व में उगता है। - My brother works hard.
मेरा भाई मेहनत करता है। - The baby is crying.
बच्चा रो रहा है। - The girl sings well.
लड़की अच्छा गाती है।
🔵 2️⃣ Compound Subject (संयुक्त कर्ता)
👉 जब दो या अधिक subjects “and” से जुड़े हों।
✅ Structure:
Subject1 + and + Subject2 + Verb (Plural)
🔹 Examples (10)
- Ram and Shyam are friends.
राम और श्याम दोस्त हैं। - She and I are going.
वह और मैं जा रहे हैं। - The teacher and the student are talking.
शिक्षक और छात्र बात कर रहे हैं। - Ravi and Mohan play football.
रवि और मोहन फुटबॉल खेलते हैं। - My father and mother love me.
मेरे माता-पिता मुझसे प्यार करते हैं। - Dogs and cats are animals.
कुत्ते और बिल्ली जानवर हैं। - You and he are late.
तुम और वह देर से आए। - Books and pens are on the table.
किताबें और पेन मेज पर हैं। - The boys and girls are playing.
लड़के और लड़कियाँ खेल रहे हैं। - Milk and bread are healthy.
दूध और ब्रेड स्वास्थ्यवर्धक हैं।
🟢 3️⃣ Implied Subject (छिपा हुआ कर्ता)
👉 Imperative sentence में subject छिपा होता है (You understood)
✅ Structure:
(You) + Verb
🔹 Examples (10)
- Open the door.
(तुम) दरवाज़ा खोलो। - Sit down.
(तुम) बैठो। - Close the window.
(तुम) खिड़की बंद करो। - Listen carefully.
(तुम) ध्यान से सुनो। - Speak slowly.
(तुम) धीरे बोलो। - Come here.
(तुम) यहाँ आओ। - Write your name.
(तुम) अपना नाम लिखो। - Read the book.
(तुम) किताब पढ़ो। - Help me.
(तुम) मेरी मदद करो। - Try again.
(तुम) फिर कोशिश करो।
🟣 4️⃣ Dummy Subject (Formal Subject)
👉 जब असली subject बाद में आता है, और शुरुआत में “It” या “There” आता है।
✅ Structure:
It + Verb
There + Verb
🔹 Examples (10)
- It is raining.
बारिश हो रही है। - It is important to study.
पढ़ना जरूरी है। - It was a good day.
यह एक अच्छा दिन था। - It seems easy.
यह आसान लगता है। - It is my book.
यह मेरी किताब है। - There is a pen on the table.
मेज पर एक पेन है। - There are many students.
वहाँ कई छात्र हैं। - There was a problem.
एक समस्या थी। - There will be a meeting.
एक बैठक होगी। - There is no water.
पानी नहीं है।
🟡 5️⃣ Complete Subject (पूरा कर्ता)
👉 Subject + उसके साथ जुड़े modifiers
🔹 Examples (10)
- The tall boy is playing.
लंबा लड़का खेल रहा है। - The red car is fast.
लाल कार तेज है। - My best friend lives here.
मेरा सबसे अच्छा दोस्त यहाँ रहता है। - The old house is empty.
पुराना घर खाली है। - The smart student answered.
होशियार छात्र ने जवाब दिया। - The little girl is dancing.
छोटी लड़की नाच रही है। - The big dog barked.
बड़ा कुत्ता भौंका। - The new teacher is kind.
नया शिक्षक दयालु है। - The brave soldier fought.
बहादुर सैनिक लड़ा। - The young boy runs fast.
युवा लड़का तेज दौड़ता है।
🎯 Quick Summary
| Type | पहचान |
|---|---|
| Simple Subject | एक noun/pronoun |
| Compound Subject | दो subject + and |
| Implied Subject | Imperative में छिपा “you” |
| Dummy Subject | It / There |
| Complete Subject | Subject + modifier |
📘 Subject Rules (कर्ता के नियम)
👉 English Grammar में Subject वह होता है जो काम करता है या जिसके बारे में कुछ कहा जाता है।
🔴 Rule 1: Subject + Verb Agreement
👉 Subject के अनुसार verb बदलती है।
✅ Singular Subject → Singular Verb
✅ Plural Subject → Plural Verb
Examples:
- He plays cricket.
वह क्रिकेट खेलता है। - She writes a letter.
वह पत्र लिखती है। - Ram goes to school.
राम स्कूल जाता है। - They play cricket.
वे क्रिकेट खेलते हैं। - We write letters.
हम पत्र लिखते हैं।
🔵 Rule 2: Two Subjects Joined by “And” → Plural Verb
- Ram and Shyam are friends.
राम और श्याम दोस्त हैं। - Tea and coffee are hot.
- My father and mother love me.
- Boys and girls are playing.
- You and I are ready.
🟢 Rule 3: Subjects Joined by “Or / Nor” → Verb Agrees with Nearest Subject
- Ram or Shyam is coming.
- Shyam or Ram is coming.
- The teacher or the students are ready.
- The students or the teacher is ready.
- Either Ram or his friends are coming.
👉 Verb पास वाले subject के अनुसार होगी।
🟣 Rule 4: Everyone, Someone, Nobody → Singular
- Everyone is happy.
- Someone has called you.
- Nobody knows the truth.
- Everybody likes music.
- Each student has a book.
🟡 Rule 5: Collective Noun Usually Singular
- The team is winning.
- The family lives here.
- The committee has decided.
- The crowd is large.
- The class is silent.
🟠 Rule 6: “There” Sentences – Verb Depends on Real Subject
- There is a book on the table.
- There are many books.
- There was a problem.
- There were many students.
- There is some milk.
🔷 Rule 7: Titles, News, Subjects of Study → Singular
- Mathematics is difficult.
- The news is good.
- Physics is interesting.
- Politics is complicated.
- The United States is powerful.
🔶 Rule 8: A Number of / The Number of
- A number of students are absent.
- The number of students is small.
- A number of people are waiting.
- The number of books is high.
- A number of workers are present.
🟤 Rule 9: Each / Every → Singular
- Each boy has a pen.
- Every student is present.
- Each of them is ready.
- Every house has a door.
- Each girl likes chocolate.
⚫ Rule 10: Gerund (Verb + ing as Subject) → Singular
- Swimming is good exercise.
- Reading is my hobby.
- Walking is healthy.
- Writing takes time.
- Dancing is fun.
🎯 Quick Revision Table
| Situation | Verb |
|---|---|
| Singular Subject | Singular Verb |
| Plural Subject | Plural Verb |
| And | Plural |
| Or/Nor | Nearest Subject |
| Everyone/Each | Singular |
| There | Real Subject |
| Gerund | Singular |