ACTIVE-PASSIVE VOICE COMPLETE GUIDE

📑 TABLE OF CONTENTS

1. Introduction to Voice
2. Rules for Changing Active to Passive
3. All Tenses with Examples
4. Modal Verbs
5. Imperative Sentences
6. Interrogative Sentences
7. Double Objects
8. Special Cases
9. Common Errors
10. Practice Exercises

1. INTRODUCTION TO VOICE

What is Voice?
Voice बताता है कि Subject (कर्ता) क्रिया करता है या उस पर क्रिया होती है।

Examples:

• Ram eats an apple. → An apple is eaten by Ram.
  👉 राम एक सेब खाता है। → सेब राम द्वारा खाया जाता है।
• The cat chased the mouse. → The mouse was chased by the cat.
  👉 बिल्ली ने चूहे का पीछा किया। → चूहे का पीछा बिल्ली द्वारा किया गया।
• She will write a letter. → A letter will be written by her.
  👉 वह एक पत्र लिखेगी। → एक पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जाएगा।

2. RULES FOR CHANGING ACTIVE TO PASSIVE

• Rule 1: Subject + Verb + Object → Object + Helping Verb + V3 + by + Subject
• Rule 2: Verb हमेशा V3 (Past Participle) में बदलता है
• Rule 3: Pronoun Change
  • I → me
  • We → us
  • He → him
  • She → her
  • They → them
• Rule 4: “by” doer (कर्ता) से पहले आता है

3. ALL TENSES WITH EXAMPLES

🔹 Simple Present

Structure: Subject + V1 → Object + is/am/are + V3

• She writes a letter → A letter is written by her
  👉 वह पत्र लिखती है → पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जाता है
• They play football → Football is played by them
  👉 वे फुटबॉल खेलते हैं → फुटबॉल उनके द्वारा खेला जाता है

🔹 Present Continuous

Structure: is/am/are + V-ing → is/am/are + being + V3

• She is writing a letter → A letter is being written by her
  👉 वह पत्र लिख रही है → पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जा रहा है

🔹 Present Perfect

Structure: has/have + V3 → has/have + been + V3

• She has written a letter → A letter has been written by her
  👉 उसने पत्र लिखा है → पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा गया है

🔹 Simple Past

Structure: V2 → was/were + V3

• She wrote a letter → A letter was written by her
  👉 उसने पत्र लिखा → पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा गया

🔹 Future

Structure: will + V1 → will be + V3

• She will write a letter → A letter will be written by her
  👉 वह पत्र लिखेगी → पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जाएगा

4. MODAL VERBS

Structure: Modal + V1 → Modal + be + V3

• She can write a letter → A letter can be written by her
  👉 वह पत्र लिख सकती है → पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जा सकता है
• You must finish work → Work must be finished by you
  👉 तुम्हें काम खत्म करना चाहिए → काम तुम्हारे द्वारा खत्म किया जाना चाहिए

5. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

• Open the door → Let the door be opened
  👉 दरवाजा खोलो → दरवाजा खोला जाए
• Do not open the door → Let the door not be opened
  👉 दरवाजा मत खोलो → दरवाजा न खोला जाए

6. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES

• Do you write a letter? → Is a letter written by you?
  👉 क्या तुम पत्र लिखते हो?
• Who wrote this book? → By whom was this book written?
  👉 यह किताब किसने लिखी?

7. DOUBLE OBJECTS

• She gave me a book → A book was given to me by her / I was given a book by her
  👉 उसने मुझे किताब दी → मुझे किताब दी गई

8. SPECIAL CASES

• He looks after his mother → His mother is looked after by him
  👉 वह अपनी माँ का ध्यान रखता है → माँ का ध्यान उसके द्वारा रखा जाता है
• The car needs washing → The car needs to be washed
  👉 गाड़ी को धोने की जरूरत है
• People speak English → English is spoken
  👉 लोग अंग्रेजी बोलते हैं → अंग्रेजी बोली जाती है

9. COMMON ERRORS

• ❌ A letter is wrote → ✔ A letter is written
• ❌ The house is building → ✔ The house is being built
• ❌ The glass was breaked → ✔ The glass was broken

10. PRACTICE EXERCISES

Change to Passive:

1. She writes poems
2. They are building a hospital
3. He has finished the work

Answers:

1. Poems are written by her
2. A hospital is being built by them
3. The work has been finished by him

📌 IMPORTANT RULES SUMMARY

• Object → Subject बनता है
• Verb हमेशा V3 में होता है
• “by” doer से पहले आता है
• Helping verb tense के अनुसार बदलता है
• Intransitive verbs का passive नहीं बनता
• Future Continuous का passive नहीं होता

📚 ACTIVE PASSIVE VOICE – ALL EXAMPLES (WITH HINDI MEANING)

🔹 1. SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

• She writes a letter → A letter is written by her
  👉 वह पत्र लिखती है → पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जाता है
• They play football → Football is played by them
  👉 वे फुटबॉल खेलते हैं → फुटबॉल उनके द्वारा खेला जाता है
• He eats an apple → An apple is eaten by him
  👉 वह सेब खाता है → सेब उसके द्वारा खाया जाता है
• I read a book → A book is read by me
  👉 मैं किताब पढ़ता हूँ → किताब मेरे द्वारा पढ़ी जाती है
• We sing songs → Songs are sung by us
  👉 हम गाने गाते हैं → गाने हमारे द्वारा गाए जाते हैं
• The dog chases the cat → The cat is chased by the dog
  👉 कुत्ता बिल्ली का पीछा करता है → बिल्ली का पीछा कुत्ते द्वारा किया जाता है
• Mother cooks food → Food is cooked by mother
  👉 माँ खाना बनाती है → खाना माँ द्वारा बनाया जाता है
• Children love toys → Toys are loved by children
  👉 बच्चे खिलौने पसंद करते हैं → खिलौने बच्चों द्वारा पसंद किए जाते हैं
• The teacher explains the lesson → The lesson is explained by the teacher
  👉 शिक्षक पाठ समझाते हैं → पाठ शिक्षक द्वारा समझाया जाता है
• Farmers grow crops → Crops are grown by farmers
  👉 किसान फसल उगाते हैं → फसल किसानों द्वारा उगाई जाती है

🔹 2. PRESENT CONTINUOUS TENSE

• She is writing a letter → A letter is being written by her
  👉 वह पत्र लिख रही है → पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जा रहा है
• They are playing football → Football is being played by them
  👉 वे फुटबॉल खेल रहे हैं → फुटबॉल उनके द्वारा खेला जा रहा है
• He is eating an apple → An apple is being eaten by him
  👉 वह सेब खा रहा है → सेब उसके द्वारा खाया जा रहा है
• I am reading a book → A book is being read by me
  👉 मैं किताब पढ़ रहा हूँ → किताब मेरे द्वारा पढ़ी जा रही है
• We are singing songs → Songs are being sung by us
  👉 हम गाने गा रहे हैं → गाने हमारे द्वारा गाए जा रहे हैं
• The dog is chasing the cat → The cat is being chased by the dog
  👉 कुत्ता बिल्ली का पीछा कर रहा है → बिल्ली का पीछा कुत्ते द्वारा किया जा रहा है
• Mother is cooking food → Food is being cooked by mother
  👉 माँ खाना बना रही है → खाना माँ द्वारा बनाया जा रहा है
• Children are playing cricket → Cricket is being played by children
  👉 बच्चे क्रिकेट खेल रहे हैं → क्रिकेट बच्चों द्वारा खेला जा रहा है
• The teacher is teaching students → Students are being taught by the teacher
  👉 शिक्षक छात्रों को पढ़ा रहे हैं → छात्रों को शिक्षक द्वारा पढ़ाया जा रहा है
• Workers are building a house → A house is being built by workers
  👉 मजदूर घर बना रहे हैं → घर मजदूरों द्वारा बनाया जा रहा है

🔹 3. PRESENT PERFECT TENSE

• She has written a letter → A letter has been written by her
  👉 उसने पत्र लिखा है → पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा गया है
• They have played football → Football has been played by them
  👉 उन्होंने फुटबॉल खेला है → फुटबॉल उनके द्वारा खेला गया है
• He has eaten an apple → An apple has been eaten by him
  👉 उसने सेब खाया है → सेब उसके द्वारा खाया गया है
• I have read a book → A book has been read by me
  👉 मैंने किताब पढ़ी है → किताब मेरे द्वारा पढ़ी गई है
• We have sung songs → Songs have been sung by us
  👉 हमने गाने गाए हैं → गाने हमारे द्वारा गाए गए हैं
• The dog has chased the cat → The cat has been chased by the dog
  👉 कुत्ते ने बिल्ली का पीछा किया है → बिल्ली का पीछा कुत्ते द्वारा किया गया है
• Mother has cooked food → Food has been cooked by mother
  👉 माँ ने खाना बनाया है → खाना माँ द्वारा बनाया गया है
• Children have completed homework → Homework has been completed by children
  👉 बच्चों ने होमवर्क पूरा किया है → होमवर्क बच्चों द्वारा पूरा किया गया है
• The teacher has explained the lesson → The lesson has been explained by the teacher
  👉 शिक्षक ने पाठ समझाया है → पाठ शिक्षक द्वारा समझाया गया है
• Farmers have grown crops → Crops have been grown by farmers
  👉 किसानों ने फसल उगाई है → फसल किसानों द्वारा उगाई गई है

🔹 4. SIMPLE PAST TENSE

• She wrote a letter → A letter was written by her
  👉 उसने पत्र लिखा → पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा गया
• They played football → Football was played by them
  👉 उन्होंने फुटबॉल खेला → फुटबॉल उनके द्वारा खेला गया
• He ate an apple → An apple was eaten by him
  👉 उसने सेब खाया → सेब उसके द्वारा खाया गया
• I read a book → A book was read by me
  👉 मैंने किताब पढ़ी → किताब मेरे द्वारा पढ़ी गई
• We sang songs → Songs were sung by us
  👉 हमने गाने गाए → गाने हमारे द्वारा गाए गए
• The dog chased the cat → The cat was chased by the dog
• Mother cooked food → Food was cooked by mother
• Children loved toys → Toys were loved by children
• The teacher explained the lesson → The lesson was explained by the teacher
• Farmers grew crops → Crops were grown by farmers

🔹 5. FUTURE TENSE

• She will write a letter → A letter will be written by her
  👉 वह पत्र लिखेगी → पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जाएगा
• They will play football → Football will be played by them
• He will eat an apple → An apple will be eaten by him
• I shall read a book → A book will be read by me
• We shall sing songs → Songs will be sung by us
• The dog will chase the cat → The cat will be chased by the dog
• Mother will cook food → Food will be cooked by mother
• Children will love toys → Toys will be loved by children
• The teacher will explain the lesson → The lesson will be explained by the teacher
• Farmers will grow crops → Crops will be grown by farmers

🔹 6. MODAL VERBS

• She can write a letter → A letter can be written by her
• They could play football → Football could be played by them
• He may eat an apple → An apple may be eaten by him
• I might read a book → A book might be read by me
• We should sing songs → Songs should be sung by us
• You must finish the work → The work must be finished by you
• He ought to help the poor → The poor ought to be helped by him
• She would buy a car → A car would be bought by her
• They used to grow vegetables → Vegetables used to be grown by them
• We shall meet the manager → The manager shall be met by us

🔹 7. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES

• Open the door → Let the door be opened
  👉 दरवाजा खोलो → दरवाजा खोला जाए
• Shut the window → Let the window be shut
• Clean the room → Let the room be cleaned
• Cook the food → Let the food be cooked
• Write a letter → Let a letter be written
• Do not open the door → Let the door not be opened
• Do not clean the room → Let the room not be cleaned

🔹 8. INTERROGATIVE

• Do you write a letter? → Is a letter written by you?
• Are they playing football? → Is football being played by them?
• Has he eaten an apple? → Has an apple been eaten by him?
• Did she read a book? → Was a book read by her?
• Will you cook food? → Will food be cooked by you?
• Who wrote this book? → By whom was this book written?