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Table of Contents
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ZERO CONDITIONAL - Complete Examples with Hindi
-
General Truths, Scientific Facts & Habits
- 1. GENERAL TRUTHS (सामान्य सत्य)
- 2. SCIENTIFIC FACTS (वैज्ञानिक तथ्य)
- 3. HABITS & ROUTINES (आदतें और दिनचर्या)
- 4. UNIVERSAL TRUTHS (सार्वभौमिक सत्य)
- 5. INSTRUCTIONS & PROCEDURES (निर्देश और प्रक्रियाएँ)
- 6. LAWS OF NATURE (प्रकृति के नियम)
- 7. EMOTIONAL REACTIONS (भावनात्मक प्रतिक्रियाएँ)
- 8. ZERO CONDITIONAL WITH 'WHEN' (जब का प्रयोग)
- 9. NEGATIVE ZERO CONDITIONAL (नकारात्मक रूप)
- 10. ZERO CONDITIONAL QUESTIONS (प्रश्न रूप)
- 11. ZERO CONDITIONAL WITH DIFFERENT SUBJECTS
- 12. COMMON ZERO CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
- 13. QUICK REFERENCE - ZERO CONDITIONAL FORMULAS
- 14. COMPARISON WITH OTHER CONDITIONALS
- KEY POINTS (महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु)
- SUMMARY TABLE (सारांश तालिका)
- 4. FIRST CONDITIONAL (संभावित भविष्य)
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General Truths, Scientific Facts & Habits
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FIRST CONDITIONAL - Complete Examples with Hindi
-
Real Possibilities in Present/Future
- 1. WITH 'WILL' (निश्चित परिणाम)
- 2. WITH 'CAN' (क्षमता/अनुमति)
- 3. WITH 'MAY' (औपचारिक अनुमति/संभावना)
- 4. WITH 'MIGHT' (कम संभावना)
- 5. WITH 'COULD' (संभावना/क्षमता)
- 6. WITH 'SHOULD' (सलाह)
- 7. WITH IMPERATIVE (आदेश/अनुरोध)
- 8. NEGATIVE FIRST CONDITIONAL (नकारात्मक रूप)
- 9. FIRST CONDITIONAL QUESTIONS (प्रश्न रूप)
- 10. VARIATIONS WITH DIFFERENT SUBJECTS
- 11. FIRST CONDITIONAL - NEGATIVE + IMPERATIVE COMBINATION
- 12. COMMON FIRST CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
- 13. QUICK REFERENCE - FIRST CONDITIONAL FORMULAS
- 14. COMPARISON WITH OTHER CONDITIONALS
- KEY POINTS (महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु)
- 5. SECOND CONDITIONAL (अवास्तविक वर्तमान/भविष्य)
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Real Possibilities in Present/Future
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SECOND CONDITIONAL - Complete Examples with Hindi
- Imaginary, Unlikely & Hypothetical Situations
- 1. COMPLETE CHART - ALL EXAMPLES ORGANIZED
- 2. SECOND CONDITIONAL WITH MODALS
- 3. NEGATIVE SECOND CONDITIONAL
- 4. SECOND CONDITIONAL QUESTIONS
- 5. WISHES & REGRETS (SECOND CONDITIONAL STYLE)
- 6. COMPARISON: SECOND VS OTHER CONDITIONALS
- 7. COMMON SECOND CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
- 8. QUICK REFERENCE - SECOND CONDITIONAL FORMULAS
- 9. 'WERE' FOR ALL SUBJECTS - FORMAL USE
- 10. KEY POINTS - महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु
- 11. MORE SECOND CONDITIONAL EXAMPLES
- 12. SUMMARY TABLE - ALL SECOND CONDITIONAL USES
- 6. THIRD CONDITIONAL (अवास्तविक भूतकाल)
- THIRD CONDITIONAL - Complete Examples with Hindi
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Regret, Criticism & Missed Opportunities
- 1. REGRET (पछतावा)
- 2. CRITICISM (आलोचना)
- 3. MISSED OPPORTUNITIES (खोए अवसर)
- 4. HYPOTHETICAL PAST SITUATIONS (काल्पनिक भूतकालीन स्थितियाँ)
- 5. THIRD CONDITIONAL WITH MODALS (मोडल्स के साथ)
- 6. THIRD CONDITIONAL - NEGATIVE FORM (नकारात्मक रूप)
- 7. THIRD CONDITIONAL - QUESTION FORM (प्रश्न रूप)
- 8. COMPARISON WITH OTHER CONDITIONALS
- 9. COMMON THIRD CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
- 10. QUICK REFERENCE - THIRD CONDITIONAL FORMULAS
- KEY POINTS (महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु)
- 7. MIXED CONDITIONALS (मिश्रित सशर्त वाक्य)
- 8. COMPLETE FORMULA SUMMARY TABLE
- 9. VARIATIONS WITH MODALS
- 10. INVERSION IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (उलटा क्रम)
- 11. COMMON MISTAKES CHART
- 12. IF VS. UNLESS, PROVIDED THAT, AS LONG AS
- 13. COMPLETE COMPARISON CHART
- 14. IMPLIED CONDITIONALS (अंतर्निहित शर्त)
- 15. QUICK REFERENCE CARD
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Zero, First, Second, Third, and Mixed Conditionals
With Definitions, Rules, Formulas, Examples & Hindi Translations
1. WHAT ARE CONDITIONAL SENTENCES? (परिभाषा)
| Definition | Hindi Definition | Basic Concept |
|---|---|---|
| Conditional sentences are used to express that one thing depends on another. They have two parts: the if-clause (condition) and the main clause (result). | सशर्त वाक्य उन स्थितियों को व्यक्त करने के लिए उपयोग किए जाते हैं जहाँ एक बात दूसरी बात पर निर्भर करती है। इनके दो भाग होते हैं: यदि-उपवाक्य (शर्त) और मुख्य उपवाक्य (परिणाम)। | If X happens, then Y happens. (यदि X होता है, तो Y होता है।) |
Basic Structure (मूल संरचना)
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ CONDITIONAL SENTENCE ├─────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┤ │ IF-CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE │ (Condition/शर्त) │ (Result/परिणाम) │ ├─────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────┤ │ If it rains... │ ...the ground will get wet. │ (यदि बारिश होती है...) (...तो ज़मीन गीली हो जाएगी।) └─────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────┘
2. TYPES OF CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (सशर्त वाक्यों के प्रकार)
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
|
+-----------------+-----------------+
| | |
ZERO CONDITIONAL FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL
(सामान्य सत्य) (संभावित भविष्य) (अवास्तविक वर्तमान)
| | |
+-----+-----+ +-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
| | | | | |
General Scientific Real Possible Hypothetical Imaginary
Truths Facts Situation Future Present Situations
+-----------------+-----------------+
| |
THIRD CONDITIONAL MIXED CONDITIONAL
(अवास्तविक भूतकाल) (मिश्रित)
| |
+-----+-----+ +---+---+
| | | |
Past Regret Past Present/
Regrets Situations Condition Future Result
3. ZERO CONDITIONAL (सामान्य सत्य/तथ्य)
Definition
Used for general truths, scientific facts, and habits – things that are always true.
Formula Chart
| Part | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| If-Clause | If + Present Simple | If you heat ice |
| Main Clause | Present Simple | it melts. |
Complete Formula: If + Present Simple, Present Simple
Rules
| Rule No. | Rule Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Used for things that are always true (हमेशा सत्य) | If you heat water, it boils at 100°C. |
| 2 | Both clauses use Present Simple tense (दोनों में Present Simple) | If it rains, the grass gets wet. |
| 3 | ‘If’ can be replaced with ‘when’ without changing meaning | When you heat ice, it melts. |
| 4 | The order of clauses can be reversed | Ice melts if you heat it. |
Examples with Hindi Translation
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| General Truths | |
| If you heat ice, it melts. | यदि आप बर्फ गर्म करते हैं, तो वह पिघलती है। |
| If you freeze water, it turns into ice. | यदि आप पानी जमाते हैं, तो वह बर्फ बन जाता है। |
| If it rains, the ground gets wet. | यदि बारिश होती है, तो ज़मीन गीली हो जाती है। |
| If you mix red and blue, you get purple. | यदि आप लाल और नीला मिलाते हैं, तो बैंगनी रंग मिलता है। |
| Scientific Facts | |
| If you heat metal, it expands. | यदि आप धातु गर्म करते हैं, तो वह फैलती है। |
| If there is no water, plants die. | यदि पानी नहीं होता, तो पौधे मर जाते हैं। |
| If the sun sets, it gets dark. | यदि सूरज डूबता है, तो अंधेरा हो जाता है। |
| Habits/Routines | |
| If I’m tired, I go to bed early. | यदि मैं थका होता हूँ, तो जल्दी सो जाता हूँ। |
| If my mother is busy, I cook dinner. | यदि मेरी माँ व्यस्त होती हैं, तो मैं खाना बनाता हूँ। |
ZERO CONDITIONAL – Complete Examples with Hindi
General Truths, Scientific Facts & Habits
1. GENERAL TRUTHS (सामान्य सत्य)
Things that are always true
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you heat ice, it melts. | यदि आप बर्फ गर्म करते हैं, तो वह पिघलती है। |
| If you freeze water, it turns into ice. | यदि आप पानी जमाते हैं, तो वह बर्फ बन जाता है। |
| If it rains, the ground gets wet. | यदि बारिश होती है, तो ज़मीन गीली हो जाती है। |
| If you mix red and blue, you get purple. | यदि आप लाल और नीला मिलाते हैं, तो बैंगनी रंग मिलता है। |
| If you mix yellow and blue, you get green. | यदि आप पीला और नीला मिलाते हैं, तो हरा रंग मिलता है। |
| If you heat water to 100°C, it boils. | यदि आप पानी को 100°C तक गर्म करते हैं, तो वह उबलता है। |
| If you cool water to 0°C, it freezes. | यदि आप पानी को 0°C तक ठंडा करते हैं, तो वह जम जाता है। |
| If you drop a glass, it breaks. | यदि आप गिलास गिराते हैं, तो वह टूट जाता है। |
| If you squeeze a lemon, you get juice. | यदि आप नींबू निचोड़ते हैं, तो रस मिलता है। |
| If you throw a ball up, it comes down. | यदि आप गेंद ऊपर फेंकते हैं, तो वह नीचे आती है। |
2. SCIENTIFIC FACTS (वैज्ञानिक तथ्य)
Universal scientific principles
If you heat metal, it expands. | यदि आप धातु गर्म करते हैं, तो वह फैलती है।
If there is no water, plants die. | यदि पानी नहीं होता, तो पौधे मर जाते हैं।
If the sun sets, it gets dark. | यदि सूरज डूबता है, तो अंधेरा हो जाता है।
If you add sugar to tea, it becomes sweet. | यदि आप चाय में चीनी डालते हैं, तो वह मीठी हो जाती है।
If you mix oxygen and hydrogen, you get water. | यदि आप ऑक्सीजन और हाइड्रोजन मिलाते हैं, तो पानी मिलता है।
If the temperature rises, ice melts faster. | यदि तापमान बढ़ता है, तो बर्फ तेजी से पिघलती है।
If there is no gravity, objects float. | यदि गुरुत्वाकर्षण नहीं होता, तो वस्तुएँ तैरती हैं।
If you strike a match, it lights. | यदि आप माचिस जलाते हैं, तो वह जलती है।
If you put oil in water, it floats. | यदि आप पानी में तेल डालते हैं, तो वह तैरता है।
If you expose iron to air, it rusts. | यदि लोहा हवा के संपर्क में आता है, तो वह जंग खाता है।
3. HABITS & ROUTINES (आदतें और दिनचर्या)
Personal habits and daily routines
If I’m tired, I go to bed early. | यदि मैं थका होता हूँ, तो जल्दी सो जाता हूँ।
If my mother is busy, I cook dinner. | यदि मेरी माँ व्यस्त होती हैं, तो मैं खाना बनाता हूँ।
If I have free time, I read books. | यदि मेरे पास खाली समय होता है, तो मैं किताबें पढ़ता हूँ।
If it’s sunny, I go for a walk. | यदि धूप होती है, तो मैं टहलने जाता हूँ।
If I’m happy, I sing songs. | यदि मैं खुश होता हूँ, तो गाने गाता हूँ।
If I’m sad, I listen to music. | यदि मैं उदास होता हूँ, तो संगीत सुनता हूँ।
If my friends visit, we play cricket. | यदि मेरे दोस्त आते हैं, तो हम क्रिकेट खेलते हैं।
If I wake up early, I do yoga. | यदि मैं जल्दी उठता हूँ, तो योग करता हूँ।
If I have money, I buy books. | यदि मेरे पास पैसे होते हैं, तो मैं किताबें खरीदता हूँ।
If I feel cold, I drink tea. | यदि मुझे ठंड लगती है, तो चाय पीता हूँ।
4. UNIVERSAL TRUTHS (सार्वभौमिक सत्य)
Facts that are true everywhere and always
If you eat too much, you feel sick. | यदि आप बहुत अधिक खाते हैं, तो आपको बीमार महसूस होता है।
If you don’t eat, you get hungry. | यदि आप नहीं खाते, तो भूख लगती है।
If you don’t sleep enough, you feel tired. | यदि आप पर्याप्त नहीं सोते, तो थका हुआ महसूस करते हैं।
If you exercise regularly, you stay healthy. | यदि आप नियमित व्यायाम करते हैं, तो स्वस्थ रहते हैं।
If you practice daily, you improve. | यदि आप रोज़ अभ्यास करते हैं, तो सुधार होता है।
If you tell lies, people don’t trust you. | यदि आप झूठ बोलते हैं, तो लोग आप पर विश्वास नहीं करते।
If you help others, they help you. | यदि आप दूसरों की मदद करते हैं, तो वे आपकी मदद करते हैं।
If you work hard, you succeed. | यदि आप मेहनत करते हैं, तो सफल होते हैं।
If you smile, people smile back. | यदि आप मुस्कुराते हैं, तो लोग आपको देखकर मुस्कुराते हैं।
If you are kind, everyone likes you. | यदि आप दयालु हैं, तो सब आपको पसंद करते हैं।
5. INSTRUCTIONS & PROCEDURES (निर्देश और प्रक्रियाएँ)
How to do things
If you want to make tea, boil water first. | यदि आप चाय बनाना चाहते हैं, तो पहले पानी उबालें।
If the computer doesn’t work, restart it. | यदि कंप्यूटर काम नहीं करता, तो उसे रीस्टार्ट करें।
If the light is red, stop. | यदि लाल बत्ती है, तो रुकें।
If the light is green, go. | यदि हरी बत्ती है, तो चलें।
If you have a fever, take medicine. | यदि आपको बुखार है, तो दवा लें।
If you don’t know the answer, skip the question. | यदि आपको जवाब नहीं पता, तो प्रश्न छोड़ दें।
If you make a mistake, correct it. | यदि आप गलती करते हैं, तो उसे सुधारें।
If the door is locked, use the key. | यदि दरवाज़ा बंद है, तो चाबी का उपयोग करें।
If you feel dizzy, sit down. | यदि आपको चक्कर आता है, तो बैठ जाएँ।
If you have questions, ask the teacher. | यदि आपके प्रश्न हैं, तो शिक्षक से पूछें।
6. LAWS OF NATURE (प्रकृति के नियम)
If there is fire, there is smoke. | यदि आग होती है, तो धुआँ होता है।
If there are clouds, it might rain. | यदि बादल होते हैं, तो बारिश हो सकती है।
If the wind blows strongly, trees sway. | यदि हवा तेज़ चलती है, तो पेड़ हिलते हैं।
If day comes, night goes. | यदि दिन आता है, तो रात जाती है।
If spring arrives, flowers bloom. | यदि वसंत आता है, तो फूल खिलते हैं।
If there is pollen, some people sneeze. | यदि पराग होता है, तो कुछ लोग छींकते हैं।
If the moon is full, the sky is bright. | यदि पूर्णिमा होती है, तो आकाश उज्ज्वल होता है।
If it’s winter, days are short. | यदि सर्दी होती है, तो दिन छोटे होते हैं।
If it’s summer, days are long. | यदि गर्मी होती है, तो दिन लंबे होते हैं।
7. EMOTIONAL REACTIONS (भावनात्मक प्रतिक्रियाएँ)
How people typically feel or react
If I see a snake, I get scared. | यदि मैं साँप देखता हूँ, तो डर जाता हूँ।
If she watches a sad movie, she cries. | यदि वह दुखद फिल्म देखती है, तो रोती है।
If he gets a gift, he feels happy. | यदि उसे उपहार मिलता है, तो वह खुश होता है।
If they hear good news, they celebrate. | यदि वे अच्छी खबर सुनते हैं, तो जश्न मनाते हैं।
If I lose my phone, I panic. | यदि मेरा फोन खो जाता है, तो मैं घबरा जाता हूँ।
If she meets her friend, she gets excited. | यदि वह अपने दोस्त से मिलती है, तो उत्साहित होती है।
If he fails the test, he feels disappointed. | यदि वह परीक्षा में फेल होता है, तो निराश होता है।
If they win the match, they cheer. | यदि वे मैच जीतते हैं, तो जयकार करते हैं।
8. ZERO CONDITIONAL WITH ‘WHEN’ (जब का प्रयोग)
‘If’ can be replaced with ‘when’ without changing meaning
When you heat ice, it melts. | जब आप बर्फ गर्म करते हैं, तो वह पिघलती है।
When it rains, the ground gets wet. | जब बारिश होती है, तो ज़मीन गीली हो जाती है।
When I’m tired, I go to bed early. | जब मैं थका होता हूँ, तो जल्दी सो जाता हूँ।
When the sun sets, it gets dark. | जब सूरज डूबता है, तो अंधेरा हो जाता है।
When you mix red and blue, you get purple. | जब आप लाल और नीला मिलाते हैं, तो बैंगनी मिलता है।
When you exercise, you feel healthy. | जब आप व्यायाम करते हैं, तो स्वस्थ महसूस करते हैं।
9. NEGATIVE ZERO CONDITIONAL (नकारात्मक रूप)
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Negative Condition | If you don’t eat, you get hungry. | यदि आप नहीं खाते, तो भूख लगती है। |
| If it doesn’t rain, plants die. | यदि बारिश नहीं होती, तो पौधे मर जाते हैं। | |
| If you don’t sleep enough, you feel tired. | यदि आप पर्याप्त नहीं सोते, तो थकान महसूस होती है। | |
| If she doesn’t practice, she doesn’t improve. | यदि वह अभ्यास नहीं करती, तो सुधार नहीं होता। | |
| Negative Result | If you eat too much, you don’t feel good. | यदि आप बहुत अधिक खाते हैं, तो अच्छा नहीं लगता। |
| If you tell lies, people don’t trust you. | यदि आप झूठ बोलते हैं, तो लोग विश्वास नहीं करते। |
10. ZERO CONDITIONAL QUESTIONS (प्रश्न रूप)
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No Questions | Does ice melt if you heat it? | यदि आप बर्फ गर्म करें तो क्या वह पिघलती है? |
| Do plants die if there is no water? | यदि पानी न हो तो क्या पौधे मर जाते हैं? | |
| Do you go to bed early if you’re tired? | यदि तुम थके हो तो क्या जल्दी सो जाते हो? | |
| Does she cook if her mother is busy? | यदि उसकी माँ व्यस्त हों तो क्या वह खाना बनाती है? | |
| WH- Questions | What happens if you heat ice? | यदि आप बर्फ गर्म करें तो क्या होता है? |
| What do you do if you’re tired? | यदि तुम थके हो तो क्या करते हो? | |
| Where do you go if it’s sunny? | यदि धूप हो तो तुम कहाँ जाते हो? | |
| How do you feel if you don’t sleep? | यदि आप नहीं सोते तो कैसा महसूस करते हैं? |
11. ZERO CONDITIONAL WITH DIFFERENT SUBJECTS
| Subject | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| I | If I am late, I apologize. | यदि मैं देर से आता हूँ, तो माफी माँगता हूँ। |
| You | If you exercise, you stay fit. | यदि तुम व्यायाम करते हो, तो फिट रहते हो। |
| He | If he works hard, he succeeds. | यदि वह मेहनत करता है, तो सफल होता है। |
| She | If she studies, she gets good marks. | यदि वह पढ़ाई करती है, तो अच्छे अंक मिलते हैं। |
| It | If it rains, the grass grows. | यदि बारिश होती है, तो घास बढ़ती है। |
| We | If we save money, we feel secure. | यदि हम पैसे बचाते हैं, तो सुरक्षित महसूस करते हैं। |
| They | If they practice, they win matches. | यदि वे अभ्यास करते हैं, तो मैच जीतते हैं। |
12. COMMON ZERO CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it. | यदि कुछ खराब नहीं है, तो उसे ठीक मत करो। |
If you play with fire, you get burned. | यदि आग से खेलोगे, तो जलोगे। |
If you chase two rabbits, you catch neither. | यदि दो खरगोशों के पीछे भागोगे, तो एक भी नहीं पकड़ोगे। |
If you lie down with dogs, you get up with fleas. | यदि कुत्तों के साथ लेटोगे, तो पिस्सू के साथ उठोगे। |
If you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours. | यदि तुम मेरी पीठ खुजलाओगे, तो मैं तुम्हारी खुजलाऊँगा। |
If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen. | यदि गर्मी बर्दाश्त नहीं कर सकते, तो रसोई से बाहर निकलो। |
13. QUICK REFERENCE – ZERO CONDITIONAL FORMULAS
| Type | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | If + Present Simple, Present Simple | If you heat ice, it melts. |
| Negative (Condition) | If + don’t/doesn’t + V1, Present Simple | If you don’t eat, you get hungry. |
| Negative (Result) | If + Present Simple, don’t/doesn’t + V1 | If you overeat, you don’t feel good. |
| With ‘When’ | When + Present Simple, Present Simple | When it rains, the ground gets wet. |
| Question | Do/Does + subject + V1 + if + Present Simple? | Does ice melt if you heat it? |
14. COMPARISON WITH OTHER CONDITIONALS
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Zero Conditional | If you heat ice, it melts. (Always true) | यदि बर्फ गर्म करो, तो पिघलती है। (हमेशा सत्य) |
| First Conditional | If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home. (Possible future) | यदि कल बारिश हुई, तो हम घर रहेंगे। (संभावित भविष्य) |
| Second Conditional | If I had wings, I would fly. (Imaginary) | यदि मेरे पंख होते, तो मैं उड़ता। (काल्पनिक) |
| Third Conditional | If I had studied, I would have passed. (Past regret) | यदि मैंने पढ़ाई की होती, तो पास हो जाता। (भूतकाल का पछतावा) |
KEY POINTS (महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु)
| # | Rule | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Present Simple in Both Clauses | If + Present Simple, Present Simple (दोनों उपवाक्यों में Present Simple) |
| 2 | 100% Certainty | Always true – scientific facts, general truths (हमेशा सत्य – वैज्ञानिक तथ्य, सामान्य सत्य) |
| 3 | ‘If’ = ‘When’ | Can replace ‘if’ with ‘when’ without changing meaning (‘if’ की जगह ‘when’ भी लगा सकते हैं) |
| 4 | No Future Tense | Never use will/would in zero conditional (will/would का प्रयोग नहीं होता) |
| 5 | Comma Rule | Comma used when if-clause comes first (यदि if-clause पहले आए तो comma लगाएँ) |
SUMMARY TABLE (सारांश तालिका)
| Category | Example | Hindi |
|---|---|---|
| General Truth | If you heat ice, it melts. | यदि बर्फ गर्म करो, तो पिघलती है। |
| Scientific Fact | If you heat metal, it expands. | यदि धातु गर्म करो, तो फैलती है। |
| Habit/Routine | If I’m tired, I go to bed early. | यदि थका हूँ, तो जल्दी सोता हूँ। |
| Universal Truth | If you help others, they help you. | यदि दूसरों की मदद करो, तो वे तुम्हारी मदद करते हैं। |
| Instruction | If the light is red, stop. | यदि लाल बत्ती है, तो रुको। |
| Law of Nature | If there is fire, there is smoke. | यदि आग है, तो धुआँ है। |
| Emotional Reaction | If I see a snake, I get scared. | यदि साँप देखूँ, तो डर जाता हूँ। |
4. FIRST CONDITIONAL (संभावित भविष्य)
Definition
Used for real and possible situations in the present or future. There’s a real possibility that the condition will happen.
Formula Chart
| Part | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| If-Clause | If + Present Simple | If it rains tomorrow |
| Main Clause | will + V1 (base verb) | we will cancel the picnic. |
Complete Formula: If + Present Simple, will + V1
Rules
| Rule No. | Rule Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Used for possible future situations (संभावित भविष्य) | If you study hard, you will pass. |
| 2 | If-clause: Present Simple; Main clause: will/shall/can/may + V1 | If she comes, we will go. |
| 3 | ‘If’ cannot be followed by ‘will’ (If के बाद will नहीं आता) | ❌ If you will come… → ✅ If you come… |
| 4 | Can use modals like can, may, might, should in main clause | If you finish early, you can go home. |
FIRST CONDITIONAL – Complete Examples with Hindi
Real Possibilities in Present/Future
1. WITH ‘WILL’ (निश्चित परिणाम)
Certain result if condition is met
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home. | यदि कल बारिश हुई, तो हम घर पर रहेंगे। |
| If you study hard, you will pass the exam. | यदि तुम कड़ी मेहनत करोगे, तो परीक्षा पास कर जाओगे। |
| If she comes early, we will start the meeting. | यदि वह जल्दी आएगी, तो हम बैठक शुरू कर देंगे। |
| If he asks me, I will help him. | यदि वह मुझसे पूछेगा, तो मैं उसकी मदद करूँगा। |
| If they invite us, we will attend the party. | यदि वे हमें आमंत्रित करेंगे, तो हम पार्टी में शामिल होंगे। |
| If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus. | यदि तुम जल्दी नहीं करोगे, तो बस छूट जाएगी। |
| If the weather is nice, we will go to the beach. | यदि मौसम अच्छा रहा, तो हम समुद्र तट जाएँगे। |
| If I have time, I will call you. | यदि मेरे पास समय हुआ, तो मैं तुम्हें फोन करूँगा। |
| If she passes the test, she will get the job. | यदि वह परीक्षा पास कर गई, तो उसे नौकरी मिल जाएगी। |
| If we save money, we will buy a new car. | यदि हम पैसे बचाएँगे, तो नई कार खरीदेंगे। |
2. WITH ‘CAN’ (क्षमता/अनुमति)
Ability or permission as a result
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you finish your work, you can go out. | यदि तुम अपना काम खत्म कर लोगे, तो बाहर जा सकते हो। |
| If you behave well, you can stay up late. | यदि तुम अच्छा व्यवहार करोगे, तो देर तक जाग सकते हो। |
| If she learns English, she can work abroad. | यदि वह अंग्रेजी सीख लेगी, तो विदेश में काम कर सकती है। |
| If he arrives early, he can get good seats. | यदि वह जल्दी पहुँचेगा, तो अच्छी सीटें पा सकता है। |
| If you have a ticket, you can enter the museum. | यदि तुम्हारे पास टिकट है, तो संग्रहालय में प्रवेश कर सकते हो। |
| If we save enough, we can travel to Europe. | यदि हम पर्याप्त बचत कर लें, तो यूरोप घूम सकते हैं। |
| If they help us, we can finish early. | यदि वे हमारी मदद करेंगे, तो हम जल्दी खत्म कर सकते हैं। |
| If you practice daily, you can become a good singer. | यदि तुम रोज़ अभ्यास करोगे, तो अच्छे गायक बन सकते हो। |
3. WITH ‘MAY’ (औपचारिक अनुमति/संभावना)
Formal permission or possibility
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you need help, you may call me. | यदि तुम्हें मदद चाहिए, तो मुझे कॉल कर सकते हो। |
| If you have questions, you may ask the teacher. | यदि तुम्हारे प्रश्न हों, तो शिक्षक से पूछ सकते हो। |
| If the documents are ready, you may submit them. | यदि दस्तावेज़ तैयार हैं, तो उन्हें जमा कर सकते हो। |
| If you finish the test early, you may leave. | यदि तुम परीक्षा जल्दी खत्म कर लो, तो जा सकते हो। |
| If she agrees, she may join our team. | यदि वह सहमत होगी, तो हमारी टीम में शामिल हो सकती है। |
4. WITH ‘MIGHT’ (कम संभावना)
Less certain possibility
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If the weather is good, we might go for a walk. | यदि मौसम अच्छा रहा, तो हम टहलने जा सकते हैं। |
| If she feels better, she might come to the party. | यदि वह बेहतर महसूस करेगी, तो पार्टी में आ सकती है। |
| If they have time, they might visit us. | यदि उनके पास समय हुआ, तो वे हमसे मिल सकते हैं। |
| If you ask nicely, he might help you. | यदि तुम विनम्रता से पूछोगे, तो वह तुम्हारी मदद कर सकता है। |
| If it stops raining, we might play cricket. | यदि बारिश रुक गई, तो हम क्रिकेट खेल सकते हैं। |
| If the price drops, I might buy that phone. | यदि कीमत कम हुई, तो मैं वह फोन खरीद सकता हूँ। |
| If she calls, I might tell her the truth. | यदि वह फोन करेगी, तो मैं उसे सच बता सकता हूँ। |
| If we hurry, we might catch the movie. | यदि हम जल्दी करें, तो फिल्म पकड़ सकते हैं। |
5. WITH ‘COULD’ (संभावना/क्षमता)
Possibility or ability
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you save money, you could buy a house someday. | यदि तुम पैसे बचाओगे, तो कभी घर खरीद सकते हो। |
| If she learns driving, she could travel alone. | यदि वह ड्राइविंग सीख लेगी, तो अकेले यात्रा कर सकती है। |
| If they invest wisely, they could become rich. | यदि वे समझदारी से निवेश करेंगे, तो अमीर बन सकते हैं। |
| If you speak clearly, everyone could understand you. | यदि तुम स्पष्ट बोलोगे, तो सब तुम्हें समझ सकते हैं। |
| If we start now, we could finish by evening. | यदि हम अभी शुरू करें, तो शाम तक खत्म कर सकते हैं। |
6. WITH ‘SHOULD’ (सलाह)
Advice or recommendation
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you feel pain, you should see a doctor. | यदि दर्द हो, तो डॉक्टर को दिखाना चाहिए। |
| If you want to pass, you should study regularly. | यदि पास होना चाहते हो, तो नियमित पढ़ाई करनी चाहिए। |
| If she is tired, she should rest. | यदि वह थकी हुई है, तो उसे आराम करना चाहिए। |
| If the food is spicy, you should drink water. | यदि खाना मसालेदार है, तो पानी पीना चाहिए। |
| If they ask for help, we should assist them. | यदि वे मदद माँगें, तो हमें उनकी सहायता करनी चाहिए। |
7. WITH IMPERATIVE (आदेश/अनुरोध)
Commands, requests, or instructions
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you see him, tell him to call me. | यदि तुम उसे देखो, तो उसे मुझे कॉल करने को कहो। |
| If you are late, don’t come in. | यदि तुम देर से आओ, तो अंदर मत आना। |
| If you need money, ask your father. | यदि तुम्हें पैसे चाहिए, तो अपने पिता से माँगो। |
| If you find my keys, return them to me. | यदि मेरी चाबियाँ मिलें, तो मुझे वापस कर दो। |
| If she calls, tell her I’m busy. | यदि वह फोन करे, तो उसे बता दो कि मैं व्यस्त हूँ। |
| If you feel cold, wear a jacket. | यदि ठंड लगे, तो जैकेट पहन लो। |
| If you have doubts, ask the teacher. | यदि संदेह हो, तो शिक्षक से पूछो। |
| If you finish early, wait for me. | यदि जल्दी खत्म हो जाओ, तो मेरा इंतज़ार करो। |
| If you go to market, bring some vegetables. | यदि बाजार जाओ, तो कुछ सब्जियाँ लाना। |
| If you don’t understand, raise your hand. | यदि समझ में न आए, तो हाथ उठाओ। |
8. NEGATIVE FIRST CONDITIONAL (नकारात्मक रूप)
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Negative Condition | If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus. | यदि तुम जल्दी नहीं करोगे, तो बस छूट जाएगी। |
| If she doesn’t study, she will fail. | यदि वह पढ़ाई नहीं करेगी, तो फेल हो जाएगी। | |
| If it doesn’t rain, we will go out. | यदि बारिश नहीं हुई, तो हम बाहर जाएँगे। | |
| If he doesn’t apologize, I won’t forgive him. | यदि वह माफी नहीं माँगेगा, तो मैं माफ नहीं करूँगी। | |
| Negative Result | If you are late, I won’t wait for you. | यदि तुम देर से आओगे, तो मैं तुम्हारा इंतज़ार नहीं करूँगा। |
| If she lies again, I won’t trust her. | यदि वह फिर झूठ बोलेगी, तो मैं उस पर विश्वास नहीं करूँगा। | |
| If they don’t invite us, we won’t attend. | यदि वे हमें नहीं बुलाएँगे, तो हम शामिल नहीं होंगे। |
9. FIRST CONDITIONAL QUESTIONS (प्रश्न रूप)
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No Questions | Will you help me if I ask? | यदि मैं पूछूँ तो क्या तुम मेरी मदद करोगे? |
| Will she come if we invite her? | यदि हम उसे बुलाएँ तो क्या वह आएगी? | |
| Can I go out if I finish my work? | यदि मैं अपना काम खत्म कर लूँ तो क्या मैं बाहर जा सकता हूँ? | |
| Should I call him if he doesn’t reply? | यदि वह जवाब न दे तो क्या मुझे उसे फोन करना चाहिए? | |
| WH- Questions | What will you do if you lose your job? | यदि तुम्हारी नौकरी चली जाए तो तुम क्या करोगे? |
| Where will we go if it rains? | यदि बारिश हुई तो हम कहाँ जाएँगे? | |
| How will she react if she finds out? | यदि उसे पता चल गया तो वह कैसे प्रतिक्रिया देगी? | |
| Who will help you if you are in trouble? | यदि तुम मुसीबत में हो तो तुम्हारी मदद कौन करेगा? |
10. VARIATIONS WITH DIFFERENT SUBJECTS
| Subject | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| I | If I have time, I will visit you. | यदि मेरे पास समय हुआ, तो मैं तुमसे मिलूँगा। |
| You | If you work hard, you will succeed. | यदि तुम मेहनत करोगे, तो सफल होगे। |
| He | If he comes early, he will get a seat. | यदि वह जल्दी आएगा, तो उसे सीट मिल जाएगी। |
| She | If she practices, she will win. | यदि वह अभ्यास करेगी, तो जीतेगी। |
| It | If it rains, the ground will get wet. | यदि बारिश हुई, तो ज़मीन गीली हो जाएगी। |
| We | If we save money, we will travel. | यदि हम पैसे बचाएँगे, तो यात्रा करेंगे। |
| They | If they invite us, we will go. | यदि वे हमें बुलाएँगे, तो हम जाएँगे। |
11. FIRST CONDITIONAL – NEGATIVE + IMPERATIVE COMBINATION
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you don’t understand, ask the teacher. | यदि समझ में न आए, तो शिक्षक से पूछो। |
| If you don’t feel well, stay home. | यदि तबीयत ठीक न हो, तो घर पर रहो। |
| If he doesn’t call, don’t wait for him. | यदि वह फोन न करे, तो उसका इंतज़ार मत करो। |
| If they don’t agree, don’t force them. | यदि वे सहमत न हों, तो उन्हें मजबूर मत करो। |
| If you don’t know the answer, say you don’t know. | यदि जवाब नहीं पता, तो कह दो कि नहीं पता। |
12. COMMON FIRST CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If all goes well, we will reach by evening. | यदि सब ठीक रहा, तो हम शाम तक पहुँच जाएँगे। |
| If God wills, I will succeed. | यदि भगवान की इच्छा हुई, तो मैं सफल हो जाऊँगा। |
| If you don’t mind, I will open the window. | यदि तुम्हें कोई आपत्ति न हो, तो मैं खिड़की खोल दूँगा। |
| If necessary, I will come again. | यदि आवश्यक हुआ, तो मैं फिर आऊँगा। |
| If possible, please send the report today. | यदि संभव हो, तो कृपया रिपोर्ट आज भेज दें। |
| If you ask me, I think you should go. | यदि तुम मुझसे पूछो, तो मुझे लगता है तुम्हें जाना चाहिए। |
13. QUICK REFERENCE – FIRST CONDITIONAL FORMULAS
| Type | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | If + Present Simple, will + V1 | If you study, you will pass. |
| Negative (Condition) | If + don’t/doesn’t + V1, will + V1 | If you don’t study, you will fail. |
| Negative (Result) | If + Present Simple, won’t + V1 | If you study, you won’t fail. |
| With Modals | If + Present Simple, can/may/might/could/should + V1 | If you study, you can pass. |
| Imperative | If + Present Simple, Imperative | If you see him, call me. |
| Question | Will + subject + V1 + if + Present Simple? | Will you help if I ask? |
14. COMPARISON WITH OTHER CONDITIONALS
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Zero Conditional | If you heat ice, it melts. (Always true) | यदि बर्फ गर्म करो, तो पिघलती है। (हमेशा सत्य) |
| First Conditional | If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home. (Possible future) | यदि कल बारिश हुई, तो हम घर रहेंगे। (संभावित भविष्य) |
| Second Conditional | If I had wings, I would fly. (Imaginary) | यदि मेरे पंख होते, तो मैं उड़ता। (काल्पनिक) |
| Third Conditional | If I had studied, I would have passed. (Past regret) | यदि मैंने पढ़ाई की होती, तो पास हो जाता। (भूतकाल का पछतावा) |
KEY POINTS (महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु)
| # | Rule | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Present Simple in If-Clause | If + Present Simple (यदि + वर्तमान काल) |
| 2 | Future/Modal in Main Clause | will/can/may/might/should + V1 (भविष्य/मोडल) |
| 3 | Real Possibility | 50-90% chance of happening (वास्तविक संभावना) |
| 4 | No ‘Will’ in If-Clause | ❌ If you will come → ✅ If you come |
| 5 | Comma Rule | Comma when if-clause comes first (यदि पहले आए तो comma) |
5. SECOND CONDITIONAL (अवास्तविक वर्तमान/भविष्य)
Definition
Used for imaginary, hypothetical, or unlikely situations in the present or future. The condition is not probable or is impossible.
Formula Chart
| Part | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| If-Clause | If + Past Simple | If I had a million dollars |
| Main Clause | would + V1 (base verb) | I would buy a big house. |
Complete Formula: If + Past Simple, would + V1
Rules
| Rule No. | Rule Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Used for imaginary/unreal situations (काल्पनिक स्थितियाँ) | If I were a bird, I would fly. |
| 2 | Past tense in if-clause DOES NOT mean past time – it shows unreality | If I had money (now), I would help you. |
| 3 | Use ‘were’ for all subjects in formal English (was is also used informally) | If I were you, I would accept. |
| 4 | Main clause uses would/could/might + V1 | If she tried, she could succeed. |
Important Note about ‘Were’
| Subject | Formal | Informal |
|---|---|---|
| I | If I were | If I was |
| He/She/It | If he were | If he was |
| You/We/They | If you were | If you were |
SECOND CONDITIONAL – Complete Examples with Hindi
Imaginary, Unlikely & Hypothetical Situations
1. COMPLETE CHART – ALL EXAMPLES ORGANIZED
| Category | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| IMAGINARY SITUATIONS (काल्पनिक स्थितियाँ) | ||
| 1 | If I had a million dollars, I would travel the world. | यदि मेरे पास दस लाख डॉलर होते, तो मैं दुनिया घूमता। |
| 2 | If I were you, I would accept the job. | यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता, तो नौकरी स्वीकार कर लेता। |
| 3 | If she knew the answer, she would tell us. | यदि वह जवाब जानती, तो हमें बताती। |
| 4 | If we had a car, we would drive to Mumbai. | यदि हमारे पास कार होती, तो हम मुंबई ड्राइव करके जाते। |
| 5 | If I spoke French, I would live in Paris. | यदि मैं फ्रेंच बोलता, तो पेरिस में रहता। |
| 6 | If she were a bird, she would fly everywhere. | यदि वह चिड़िया होती, तो हर जगह उड़ती। |
| 7 | If he were the president, he would help the poor. | यदि वह राष्ट्रपति होता, तो गरीबों की मदद करता। |
| 8 | If we had wings, we could fly like birds. | यदि हमारे पंख होते, तो हम पक्षियों की तरह उड़ सकते थे। |
| UNLIKELY SITUATIONS (असंभावित स्थितियाँ) | ||
| 9 | If it stopped raining, we could go out. | यदि बारिश रुक जाए, तो हम बाहर जा सकते हैं। (पर रुकने की संभावना कम) |
| 10 | If he worked harder, he might get a promotion. | यदि वह और मेहनत करता, तो शायद प्रमोशन मिल जाता। |
| 11 | If they invited me, I would attend the party. | यदि वे मुझे आमंत्रित करते, तो मैं पार्टी में जाता। |
| 12 | If she applied for the job, she might get it. | यदि वह नौकरी के लिए आवेदन करती, तो शायद उसे मिल जाती। |
| 13 | If we left now, we could catch the train. | यदि हम अभी निकलते, तो ट्रेन पकड़ सकते थे। |
| 14 | If he saved money, he could buy a house. | यदि वह पैसे बचाता, तो घर खरीद सकता था। |
| 15 | If they practiced more, they might win the match. | यदि वे और अभ्यास करते, तो शायद मैच जीत जाते। |
| 16 | If she learned driving, she could travel alone. | यदि वह ड्राइविंग सीखती, तो अकेले यात्रा कर सकती थी। |
| WISHES (इच्छाएँ) | ||
| 17 | If I were taller, I would play basketball. | यदि मैं लंबा होता, तो बास्केटबॉल खेलता। |
| 18 | If she were here, she would help us. | यदि वह यहाँ होती, तो हमारी मदद करती। |
| 19 | If I were younger, I would travel the world. | यदि मैं छोटा होता, तो दुनिया घूमता। |
| 20 | If he were rich, he would donate to charity. | यदि वह अमीर होता, तो दान करता। |
| 21 | If they were here, we would celebrate together. | यदि वे यहाँ होते, तो हम साथ जश्न मनाते। |
| 22 | If I were the Prime Minister, I would improve education. | यदि मैं प्रधानमंत्री होता, तो शिक्षा सुधारता। |
| 23 | If she were my sister, I would protect her. | यदि वह मेरी बहन होती, तो मैं उसकी रक्षा करता। |
| 24 | If we were rich, we would buy a big house. | यदि हम अमीर होते, तो बड़ा घर खरीदते। |
2. SECOND CONDITIONAL WITH MODALS
| Modal | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| WOULD (निश्चित परिणाम) | If I had money, I would buy a car. | यदि मेरे पास पैसे होते, तो मैं कार खरीदता। |
| If she were free, she would come. | यदि वह खाली होती, तो वह आती। | |
| If we knew the answer, we would tell you. | यदि हमें जवाब पता होता, तो हम आपको बताते। | |
| COULD (क्षमता/संभावना) | If I had wings, I could fly. | यदि मेरे पंख होते, तो मैं उड़ सकता था। |
| If we had a car, we could drive there. | यदि हमारे पास कार होती, तो हम वहाँ ड्राइव कर सकते थे। | |
| If he spoke English, he could work abroad. | यदि वह अंग्रेजी बोलता, तो विदेश में काम कर सकता था। | |
| MIGHT (कम संभावना) | If she asked him, he might help. | यदि वह उससे पूछती, तो शायद वह मदद करता। |
| If they invited us, we might attend. | यदि वे हमें बुलाते, तो शायद हम शामिल होते। | |
| If it stopped raining, we might go out. | यदि बारिश रुकती, तो शायद हम बाहर जाते। |
3. NEGATIVE SECOND CONDITIONAL
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Negative Condition | If I didn’t have work, I would come with you. | यदि मेरे पास काम नहीं होता, तो मैं तुम्हारे साथ आता। |
| If she didn’t live far, she would visit often. | यदि वह दूर नहीं रहती, तो अक्सर आती। | |
| If he didn’t smoke, he would be healthier. | यदि वह धूम्रपान नहीं करता, तो स्वस्थ होता। | |
| If we didn’t have exams, we would relax. | यदि हमारी परीक्षाएँ नहीं होतीं, तो हम आराम करते। | |
| Negative Result | If I had money, I wouldn’t waste it. | यदि मेरे पास पैसे होते, तो मैं उन्हें बर्बाद नहीं करता। |
| If she were here, she wouldn’t ignore us. | यदि वह यहाँ होती, तो वह हमें अनदेखा नहीं करती। | |
| If he knew the truth, he wouldn’t be angry. | यदि वह सच जानता, तो वह गुस्सा नहीं होता। | |
| If we had time, we wouldn’t hurry. | यदि हमारे पास समय होता, तो हम जल्दी नहीं करते। |
4. SECOND CONDITIONAL QUESTIONS
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No Questions | Would you help me if I asked? | यदि मैं पूछूँ तो क्या तुम मेरी मदद करोगे? |
| Would she come if we invited her? | यदि हम उसे बुलाएँ तो क्या वह आएगी? | |
| Could you solve this problem if you tried? | यदि तुम कोशिश करो तो क्या यह समस्या हल कर सकते हो? | |
| Would they accept if we offered? | यदि हम प्रस्ताव दें तो क्या वे स्वीकार करेंगे? | |
| WH- Questions | What would you do if you won the lottery? | यदि तुम लॉटरी जीत जाओ तो क्या करोगे? |
| Where would you go if you had a car? | यदि तुम्हारे पास कार हो तो कहाँ जाओगे? | |
| How would you feel if you lost your job? | यदि तुम्हारी नौकरी चली जाए तो कैसा महसूस करोगे? | |
| Who would you call if you were in trouble? | यदि तुम मुसीबत में हो तो किसे फोन करोगे? |
5. WISHES & REGRETS (SECOND CONDITIONAL STYLE)
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| I wish I had a million dollars. | काश मेरे पास दस लाख डॉलर होते। |
| I wish I were taller. | काश मैं लंबा होता। |
| I wish she were here. | काश वह यहाँ होती। |
| I wish I knew the answer. | काश मुझे जवाब पता होता। |
| I wish we had a car. | काश हमारे पास कार होती। |
| I wish I could fly. | काश मैं उड़ सकता। |
| I wish he would call me. | काश वह मुझे फोन करता। |
| I wish they would invite us. | काश वे हमें बुलाते। |
6. COMPARISON: SECOND VS OTHER CONDITIONALS
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Zero Conditional | If you heat ice, it melts. (Always true) | यदि बर्फ गर्म करो, तो पिघलती है। (हमेशा सत्य) |
| First Conditional | If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home. (Possible) | यदि कल बारिश हुई, तो हम घर रहेंगे। (संभावित) |
| Second Conditional | If I had wings, I would fly. (Imaginary) | यदि मेरे पंख होते, तो मैं उड़ता। (काल्पनिक) |
| Third Conditional | If I had studied, I would have passed. (Past regret) | यदि मैंने पढ़ाई की होती, तो पास हो जाता। (भूतकाल का पछतावा) |
7. COMMON SECOND CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
If I were you, I would… यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता, तो…
If I had the chance, I would… यदि मुझे मौका मिलता, तो…
If money grew on trees… यदि पेड़ों पर पैसे उगते…
If pigs could fly… यदि सूअर उड़ सकते… (असंभव)
If I could turn back time… यदि मैं समय पलट सकता…
If wishes were horses… यदि इच्छाएँ घोड़े होतीं… (कहावत)
8. QUICK REFERENCE – SECOND CONDITIONAL FORMULAS
| Type | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | If + Past Simple, would + V1 | If I had money, I would buy a car. |
| Negative (Condition) | If + didn’t + V1, would + V1 | If I didn’t have work, I would come. |
| Negative (Result) | If + Past Simple, wouldn’t + V1 | If I had money, I wouldn’t waste it. |
| With ‘Were’ | If + subject + were… | If I were you, I would go. |
| With Modals | If + Past Simple, could/might + V1 | If I tried, I could succeed. |
| Question | Would + subject + V1 + if + Past Simple? | Would you help if I asked? |
9. ‘WERE’ FOR ALL SUBJECTS – FORMAL USE
| Subject | Formal (Correct) | Informal (Common) | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | If I were rich… | If I was rich… | यदि मैं अमीर होता… |
| He | If he were here… | If he was here… | यदि वह यहाँ होता… |
| She | If she were ready… | If she was ready… | यदि वह तैयार होती… |
| It | If it were possible… | If it was possible… | यदि यह संभव होता… |
| You | If you were brave… | If you were brave… | यदि तुम बहादुर होते… |
| We | If we were free… | If we were free… | यदि हम खाली होते… |
| They | If they were here… | If they were here… | यदि वे यहाँ होते… |
10. KEY POINTS – महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु
| # | Rule | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Past Tense in If-Clause | If + Past Simple (यदि + भूतकाल) – BUT it refers to present/future |
| 2 | Would + V1 in Main Clause | would + V1 (करता/करते) |
| 3 | Imaginary Situations | Not real – hypothetical (काल्पनिक – वास्तविक नहीं) |
| 4 | Use ‘Were’ Formally | If I were, If he were (सभी कर्ताओं के साथ were का प्रयोग) |
| 5 | No ‘Would’ in If-Clause | ❌ If I would have → ✅ If I had |
| 6 | Low Probability | 10-20% chance of happening (कम संभावना) |
11. MORE SECOND CONDITIONAL EXAMPLES
| Category | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Advice | If I were you, I would apologize. | यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता, तो माफी माँग लेता। |
| If I were you, I would study harder. | यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता, तो और मेहनत से पढ़ता। | |
| If I were you, I would take that job. | यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता, तो वह नौकरी ले लेता। | |
| Impossible Dreams | If I could fly, I would visit the moon. | यदि मैं उड़ सकता, तो चाँद पर जाता। |
| If I were invisible, I would spy on everyone. | यदि मैं अदृश्य होता, तो सबकी जासूसी करता। | |
| If I could read minds, I would know the truth. | यदि मैं मन पढ़ सकता, तो सच जान लेता। | |
| Changes in Life | If I had more time, I would learn guitar. | यदि मेरे पास अधिक समय होता, तो गिटार सीखता। |
| If she had a degree, she would get a better job. | यदि उसके पास डिग्री होती, तो उसे अच्छी नौकरी मिलती। | |
| If we lived in a village, we would have peace. | यदि हम गाँव में रहते, तो शांति मिलती। |
12. SUMMARY TABLE – ALL SECOND CONDITIONAL USES
| Use | Formula | Example | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imaginary Present | If + Past, would + V1 | If I had wings, I would fly. | यदि पंख होते, तो उड़ता। |
| Unlikely Future | If + Past, would + V1 | If it stopped raining, we would go out. | यदि बारिश रुके, तो बाहर जाएँ। |
| Advice | If I were you… | If I were you, I would go. | यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता… |
| Wish | If only + Past | If only I were rich! | काश मैं अमीर होता! |
| Hypothetical | If + Past, could/might | If I tried, I could win. | यदि कोशिश करूँ, तो जीत सकता हूँ। |
Key Formula Reminder:
-
If + Past Simple → would + V1
-
Example: If I had money, I would buy a car.
-
Hindi: यदि मेरे पास पैसे होते, तो मैं कार खरीदता।
6. THIRD CONDITIONAL (अवास्तविक भूतकाल)
Definition
Used for imaginary situations in the past – things that did NOT happen. We imagine the opposite of what actually occurred, often expressing regret or criticism.
Formula Chart
| Part | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| If-Clause | If + Past Perfect (had + V3) | If I had studied harder |
| Main Clause | would have + V3 (past participle) | I would have passed the exam. |
Complete Formula: If + Past Perfect, would have + V3
Rules
| Rule No. | Rule Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Used for past situations that didn’t happen (भूतकाल की अवास्तविक स्थितियाँ) | If I had seen him, I would have told him. (मैंने उसे नहीं देखा था) |
| 2 | If-clause: Past Perfect; Main clause: would have + V3 | If she had come, we would have waited. |
| 3 | Shows regret (पछतावा) or criticism (आलोचना) | If you had listened, you wouldn’t have failed. |
| 4 | Can use could have/might have in main clause | If he had tried, he could have won. |
THIRD CONDITIONAL – Complete Examples with Hindi
Regret, Criticism & Missed Opportunities
1. REGRET (पछतावा)
Situations from the past that we wish had been different
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. | यदि मैंने और मेहनत से पढ़ाई की होती, तो परीक्षा पास कर लेता। (पर मैंने नहीं की) |
| If she had taken the medicine, she would have recovered. | यदि उसने दवा ली होती, तो वह ठीक हो जाती। |
| If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train. | यदि हम जल्दी निकले होते, तो ट्रेन पकड़ लेते। |
| If he had apologized, she would have forgiven him. | यदि उसने माफी माँग ली होती, तो वह उसे माफ कर देती। |
| If I had listened to my mother, I wouldn’t have married her. | यदि मैंने माँ की बात सुनी होती, तो उससे शादी नहीं करता। |
| If we had saved money, we would have bought a house. | यदि हमने पैसे बचाए होते, तो घर खरीद लेते। |
| If she had told me the truth, I would have helped her. | यदि उसने मुझे सच बताया होता, तो मैं उसकी मदद करता। |
| If he had driven carefully, he wouldn’t have met with an accident. | यदि वह सावधानी से गाड़ी चलाता, तो दुर्घटना का शिकार नहीं होता। |
2. CRITICISM (आलोचना)
Pointing out mistakes or wrong decisions from the past
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t have made that mistake. | यदि तुमने मेरी बात सुनी होती, तो वह गलती नहीं करते। |
| If they had been careful, the accident wouldn’t have happened. | यदि वे सावधान होते, तो दुर्घटना नहीं होती। |
| If you had followed the rules, you wouldn’t have been punished. | यदि तुमने नियमों का पालन किया होता, तो दंडित नहीं होते। |
| If he had saved money, he wouldn’t be in debt now. | यदि उसने पैसे बचाए होते, तो अब कर्ज में नहीं होता। |
| If she had been honest, she wouldn’t have lost her job. | यदि वह ईमानदार होती, तो नौकरी नहीं खोती। |
| If you had checked the document, there wouldn’t have been errors. | यदि तुमने दस्तावेज़ जाँचा होता, तो गलतियाँ नहीं होतीं। |
| If they had invited us, we would have attended the wedding. | यदि उन्होंने हमें आमंत्रित किया होता, तो हम शादी में शामिल होते। |
| If he had treated her well, she wouldn’t have left him. | यदि वह उसके साथ अच्छा व्यवहार करता, तो वह उसे नहीं छोड़ती। |
3. MISSED OPPORTUNITIES (खोए अवसर)
Chances that were not taken in the past
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake. | यदि मुझे पता होता कि तुम आ रहे हो, तो केक बना लेता। |
| If he had applied for the job, he might have got it. | यदि उसने नौकरी के लिए आवेदन किया होता, तो शायद उसे मिल जाती। |
| If we had booked tickets earlier, we would have got a discount. | यदि हमने पहले टिकट बुक किए होते, तो छूट मिल जाती। |
| If I had learned French, I would have worked in Paris. | यदि मैंने फ्रेंच सीखी होती, तो पेरिस में काम कर लेता। |
| If she had come to the party, she would have met her favorite singer. | यदि वह पार्टी में आई होती, तो अपने पसंदीदा गायक से मिलती। |
| If they had invested in that company, they would have become millionaires. | यदि उन्होंने उस कंपनी में निवेश किया होता, तो करोड़पति बन जाते। |
| If I had taken that scholarship, I would have studied abroad. | यदि मैंने वह छात्रवृत्ति ली होती, तो विदेश में पढ़ाई कर लेता। |
| If he had proposed to her, she would have said yes. | यदि उसने उसे प्रपोज़ किया होता, तो वह हाँ कह देती। |
4. HYPOTHETICAL PAST SITUATIONS (काल्पनिक भूतकालीन स्थितियाँ)
Imagining how things could have been different
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If I had been born in America, I would have spoken English as my mother tongue. | यदि मैं अमेरिका में पैदा हुआ होता, तो अंग्रेजी मेरी मातृभाषा होती। |
| If she had become a doctor, she would have saved many lives. | यदि वह डॉक्टर बन गई होती, तो कई जिंदगियाँ बचा लेती। |
| If he had been taller, he would have played basketball professionally. | यदि वह लंबा होता, तो पेशेवर बास्केटबॉल खेलता। |
| If we had lived in the 18th century, we wouldn’t have had electricity. | यदि हम 18वीं सदी में रहते, तो हमारे पास बिजली नहीं होती। |
| If I had met you earlier, my life would have been different. | यदि मैं तुमसे पहले मिला होता, तो मेरी जिंदगी अलग होती। |
| If she had been my sister, I would have protected her. | यदि वह मेरी बहन होती, तो मैं उसकी रक्षा करता। |
| If they had won the match, they would have celebrated all night. | यदि वे मैच जीत गए होते, तो रात भर जश्न मनाते। |
| If he had been the king, he would have been a just ruler. | यदि वह राजा होता, तो न्यायप्रिय शासक होता। |
5. THIRD CONDITIONAL WITH MODALS (मोडल्स के साथ)
| Modal | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| could have | If I had saved money, I could have traveled the world. | यदि मैंने पैसे बचाए होते, तो दुनिया घूम सकता था। |
| might have | If she had asked me, I might have helped her. | यदि उसने मुझसे पूछा होता, तो शायद मैं उसकी मदद कर देता। |
| should have | If you had known the truth, you should have spoken up. | यदि तुम सच जानते, तो तुम्हें बोलना चाहिए था। |
| could have | If we had left earlier, we could have avoided the traffic. | यदि हम जल्दी निकले होते, तो ट्रैफिक से बच सकते थे। |
| might have | If he had trained harder, he might have won the gold. | यदि उसने और अभ्यास किया होता, तो शायद स्वर्ण पदक जीत लेता। |
6. THIRD CONDITIONAL – NEGATIVE FORM (नकारात्मक रूप)
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Negative Condition | If I hadn’t overslept, I wouldn’t have missed the bus. | यदि मैं देर से नहीं सोया होता, तो बस नहीं छूटती। |
| If she hadn’t helped me, I would have failed. | यदि उसने मेरी मदद नहीं की होती, तो मैं फेल हो जाता। | |
| If we hadn’t taken a taxi, we would have been late. | यदि हमने टैक्सी नहीं ली होती, तो देर हो जाती। | |
| Negative Result | If I had seen him, I wouldn’t have ignored him. | यदि मैंने उसे देखा होता, तो अनदेखा नहीं करता। |
| If she had known, she wouldn’t have come. | यदि उसे पता होता, तो वह नहीं आती। | |
| If they had warned us, we wouldn’t have gone there. | यदि उन्होंने चेताया होता, तो हम वहाँ नहीं जाते। |
7. THIRD CONDITIONAL – QUESTION FORM (प्रश्न रूप)
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No Question | Would you have helped me if I had asked? | यदि मैंने पूछा होता तो क्या तुम मेरी मदद करते? |
| Would she have married him if he had been rich? | यदि वह अमीर होता तो क्या वह उससे शादी करती? | |
| Would they have come if we had invited them? | यदि हमने उन्हें बुलाया होता तो क्या वे आते? | |
| WH- Question | What would you have done if you had lost your job? | यदि तुम्हारी नौकरी चली जाती तो तुम क्या करते? |
| Where would you have gone if you had won the lottery? | यदि तुम लॉटरी जीत जाते तो कहाँ जाते? | |
| Why would she have left if she loved him? | यदि वह उससे प्यार करती तो क्यों छोड़कर जाती? |
8. COMPARISON WITH OTHER CONDITIONALS
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| First Conditional | If I study, I will pass. (Future possible) | यदि मैं पढ़ूँगा, तो पास हो जाऊँगा। |
| Second Conditional | If I studied, I would pass. (Imaginary present) | यदि मैं पढ़ता, तो पास हो जाता। (पर नहीं पढ़ता) |
| Third Conditional | If I had studied, I would have passed. (Past regret) | यदि मैंने पढ़ाई की होती, तो पास हो जाता। (नहीं की) |
9. COMMON THIRD CONDITIONAL EXPRESSIONS
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If only I had listened to my parents! | काश मैंने अपने माता-पिता की बात सुनी होती! |
| I wish I had never met him. | काश मैं उससे कभी न मिला होता। |
| If it hadn’t been for your help, I would be dead. | यदि तुम्हारी मदद न होती, तो मैं मर गया होता। |
| Things would have been different if we had known. | यदि हमें पता होता तो चीज़ें अलग होतीं। |
| She would have been a doctor if she hadn’t married young. | यदि वह कम उम्र में शादी न करती तो डॉक्टर बन जाती। |
| We would have bought that house if it had been cheaper. | यदि वह सस्ता होता तो हम वह घर खरीद लेते। |
10. QUICK REFERENCE – THIRD CONDITIONAL FORMULAS
| Type | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | If + had + V3, would have + V3 | If I had seen him, I would have told him. |
| Negative (Condition) | If + hadn’t + V3, would have + V3 | If I hadn’t seen him, I wouldn’t have known. |
| Negative (Result) | If + had + V3, wouldn’t have + V3 | If I had seen him, I wouldn’t have ignored him. |
| Question | Would + subject + have + V3 + if + had + V3? | Would you have helped if I had asked? |
| Inversion | Had + subject + V3, would have + V3 | Had I known, I would have come. |
KEY POINTS (महत्वपूर्ण बिंदु)
| # | Rule | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Past Perfect in If-Clause | If + had + V3 (यदि + किया होता) |
| 2 | Would Have + V3 in Main Clause | would have + किया (कर देता/कर लेता) |
| 3 | 100% Past | All actions are in the past and cannot be changed |
| 4 | Regret/Criticism | Used to express पछतावा or आलोचना |
| 5 | Alternative to ‘If’ | Had + subject + V3 (Had I known…) |
7. MIXED CONDITIONALS (मिश्रित सशर्त वाक्य)
Definition
Mixed conditionals combine different times: the if-clause is in one time (past) and the main clause is in another time (present/future).
Types of Mixed Conditionals
Type 1: Past Condition + Present Result
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Usage | A past action affects the present situation (भूतकाल की घटना का वर्तमान पर प्रभाव) |
| If-Clause | If + Past Perfect (had + V3) – PAST |
| Main Clause | would + V1 (base verb) – PRESENT |
| Example | If I had taken that job, I would be rich now. |
Type 2: Present Condition + Past Result (Less Common)
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Usage | A general truth affecting a past action (सामान्य सत्य का भूतकाल पर प्रभाव) |
| If-Clause | If + Past Simple – PRESENT |
| Main Clause | would have + V3 – PAST |
| Example | If I were more confident, I would have spoken up. |
Mixed Conditional Formulas
| Type | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Type A (Past → Present) | If + Past Perfect, would + V1 | If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now. |
| Type B (Present → Past) | If + Past Simple, would have + V3 | If I spoke French, I would have understood the movie. |
Examples with Hindi Translation
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Past → Present | ||
| If I had taken that job, I would be rich now. | यदि मैंने वह नौकरी ली होती, तो अब अमीर होता। | |
| If she had married him, she would be unhappy today. | यदि उसने उससे शादी की होती, तो आज दुखी होती। | |
| If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t be stuck in traffic now. | यदि हम जल्दी निकले होते, तो अब ट्रैफिक में नहीं फंसे होते। | |
| If he hadn’t missed the bus, he wouldn’t be walking now. | यदि उसने बस नहीं छोड़ी होती, तो अब पैदल नहीं चल रहा होता। | |
| Present → Past | ||
| If I were more confident, I would have asked her out. | यदि मैं अधिक आत्मविश्वासी होता, तो उसे डेट पर चलने को कहता। | |
| If she didn’t fear flying, she would have visited us in USA. | यदि उसे उड़ने से डर नहीं लगता, तो वह अमेरिका हमसे मिलने आ जाती। | |
| If he were honest, he would have told the truth. | यदि वह ईमानदार होता, तो सच बता देता। |
8. COMPLETE FORMULA SUMMARY TABLE
| Conditional | If-Clause (शर्त) | Main Clause (परिणाम) | Usage (प्रयोग) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zero | If + Present Simple | Present Simple | General Truths (सामान्य सत्य) |
| First | If + Present Simple | will + V1 | Real Future (संभावित भविष्य) |
| Second | If + Past Simple | would + V1 | Imaginary Present (काल्पनिक वर्तमान) |
| Third | If + Past Perfect | would have + V3 | Imaginary Past (काल्पनिक भूतकाल) |
| Mixed (Past→Present) | If + Past Perfect | would + V1 | Past affecting Present |
| Mixed (Present→Past) | If + Past Simple | would have + V3 | Present affecting Past |
9. VARIATIONS WITH MODALS
First Conditional Modals
| Modal | Usage | Example | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| can | Ability/Permission | If you finish early, you can leave. | यदि जल्दी खत्म करो, तो जा सकते हो। |
| may | Permission | If you need help, you may call me. | यदि मदद चाहिए, तो कॉल कर सकते हो। |
| might | Possibility | If it’s sunny, we might go swimming. | यदि धूप हुई, तो शायद तैरने जाएँ। |
| should | Advice | If you feel pain, you should see a doctor. | यदि दर्द हो, तो डॉक्टर को दिखाओ। |
Second Conditional Modals
| Modal | Usage | Example | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| could | Ability/Possibility | If I had wings, I could fly. | यदि पंख होते, तो उड़ सकता था। |
| might | Possibility | If she asked, he might help. | यदि वह पूछती, तो शायद वह मदद करता। |
Third Conditional Modals
| Modal | Usage | Example | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| could have | Past ability | If he had tried, he could have won. | यदि उसने कोशिश की होती, तो जीत सकता था। |
| might have | Past possibility | If she had called, I might have come. | यदि उसने फोन किया होता, तो शायद मैं आ जाता। |
10. INVERSION IN CONDITIONAL SENTENCES (उलटा क्रम)
In formal English, we can omit ‘if’ and invert the subject and verb.
Inversion Formulas
| Type | Normal Form | Inverted Form |
|---|---|---|
| First Conditional | If + Present Simple | Should + Subject + V1 |
| Second Conditional | If + Past Simple (were) | Were + Subject + to V1 / Were + Subject |
| Third Conditional | If + Past Perfect | Had + Subject + V3 |
Examples with Hindi
| Type | Normal Sentence | Inverted Sentence | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| First | If you need help, call me. | Should you need help, call me. | यदि मदद चाहिए तो मुझे बुलाओ। |
| Second | If I were you, I would go. | Were I you, I would go. | यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता, तो जाता। |
| Second | If he came early, we could start. | Were he to come early, we could start. | यदि वह जल्दी आता, तो हम शुरू कर सकते थे। |
| Third | If I had known, I would have told you. | Had I known, I would have told you. | यदि मुझे पता होता, तो तुम्हें बता देता। |
11. COMMON MISTAKES CHART
| Mistake Type | Incorrect Sentence | Correct Sentence | Hindi Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Using ‘will’ in if-clause | If you will come, we will go. | If you come, we will go. | If-clause में will का प्रयोग नहीं करते। |
| Wrong tense in Third | If I saw him, I would have told. | If I had seen him, I would have told. | Third conditional में Past Perfect चाहिए। |
| Missing ‘have’ in Third | If I had seen, I would told. | If I had seen, I would have told. | would के बाद have + V3 आवश्यक है। |
| Using ‘was’ instead of ‘were’ | If I was you… | If I were you… | काल्पनिक स्थितियों में ‘were’ का प्रयोग करें। |
| Mixing First and Second | If I will have money, I would buy. | If I have money, I will buy. (First) If I had money, I would buy. (Second) |
दोनों को मिक्स न करें। |
| Wrong word order | I would buy if I had money a car. | If I had money, I would buy a car. | सही क्रम: If-clause पहले या बाद में, पर सही। |
12. IF VS. UNLESS, PROVIDED THAT, AS LONG AS
Alternatives to ‘If’
| Connector | Meaning | Example | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unless | If not (यदि नहीं) | You will fail unless you study. | यदि तुम नहीं पढ़ोगे तो फेल हो जाओगे। |
| Provided (that) | On condition that (बशर्ते कि) | You can go provided that you finish work. | जा सकते हो बशर्ते काम खत्म करो। |
| As long as | On condition that (जब तक कि) | You can stay as long as you are quiet. | रह सकते हो जब तक चुप रहो। |
| Even if | Despite the condition (भले ही) | I will go even if it rains. | मैं जाऊँगा भले ही बारिश हो। |
| In case | Because of a possibility (यदि ऐसा हो) | Take an umbrella in case it rains. | छाता ले लो यदि बारिश हो जाए। |
Examples with Hindi
| Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| You will not pass unless you work hard. | तुम पास नहीं होगे जब तक कि मेहनत न करो। |
| Provided that you apologize, I will forgive you. | बशर्ते तुम माफी माँग लो, मैं माफ कर दूँगा। |
| You can borrow my car as long as you drive carefully. | मेरी कार ले सकते हो जब तक ध्यान से चलाओ। |
| I will love you even if you are poor. | मैं तुमसे प्यार करूँगा भले ही तुम गरीब हो। |
| Buy some food in case guests come. | कुछ खाना खरीद लो यदि मेहमान आ जाएँ। |
13. COMPLETE COMPARISON CHART
| Feature | Zero | First | Second | Third |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time Reference | Any time (हमेशा) | Future (भविष्य) | Present/Future (वर्तमान/भविष्य) | Past (भूतकाल) |
| Reality | Always true (हमेशा सत्य) | Possible (संभव) | Unlikely/Imaginary (असंभावित/काल्पनिक) | Impossible (असंभव) |
| If-Clause Tense | Present Simple | Present Simple | Past Simple | Past Perfect |
| Main Clause Tense | Present Simple | will + V1 | would + V1 | would have + V3 |
| Probability | 100% | 50-90% | 10-20% | 0% |
| Hindi Marker | …ते हैं, तो …ता है | …गा/गी, तो …गा/गी | …ता, तो …ता (पर है नहीं) | …ता था, तो …ता (पर नहीं हुआ) |
14. IMPLIED CONDITIONALS (अंतर्निहित शर्त)
Sometimes the condition is not stated with ‘if’ but implied through other structures.
| Structure | Example | Hindi | Implied Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative + and | Work hard and you will succeed. | मेहनत करो और सफल होगे। | If you work hard… |
| Imperative + or | Hurry up or you will miss the bus. | जल्दी करो नहीं तो बस छूट जाएगी। | If you don’t hurry… |
| Without + noun | Without water, we cannot live. | पानी के बिना, हम नहीं रह सकते। | If there is no water… |
| But for | But for your help, I would have failed. | तुम्हारी मदद के बिना, मैं फेल हो जाता। | If you hadn’t helped… |
| Otherwise | I was busy; otherwise I would have come. | मैं व्यस्त था; नहीं तो आ जाता। | If I hadn’t been busy… |
15. QUICK REFERENCE CARD
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ CONDITIONAL CHEAT SHEET │ ├───────────────┬──────────────────────┬─────────────────────────┤ │ TYPE │ IF-CLAUSE │ MAIN CLAUSE │ ├───────────────┼──────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ │ ZERO │ If + Present Simple │ Present Simple │ │ │ If you heat ice │ it melts. │ ├───────────────┼──────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ │ FIRST │ If + Present Simple │ will + V1 │ │ │ If it rains │ we will cancel. │ ├───────────────┼──────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ │ SECOND │ If + Past Simple │ would + V1 │ │ │ If I had money │ I would buy a car. │ ├───────────────┼──────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ │ THIRD │ If + Past Perfect │ would have + V3 │ │ │ If I had studied │ I would have passed. │ ├───────────────┼──────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ │ MIXED │ If + Past Perfect │ would + V1 │ │ │ If I had taken job │ I would be rich now. │ └───────────────┴──────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┘ KEY POINTS: ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ✓ In First Conditional: If + Present, will + V1 ✓ In Second Conditional: If + Past, would + V1 (IMAGINARY) ✓ In Third Conditional: If + Past Perfect, would have + V3 (REGERT) ✓ NEVER use 'will' in the if-clause ✓ Use 'were' for all subjects in Second Conditional (If I were you) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
If you spend your life trying to be good at everything, you will never be great at anything.
Tom Rath
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