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March 12, 2026

Grammar Complete Summary in Chart with Examples

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Table of Contents

1. Parts of Speech Chart
2. Tense Chart (काल)
3. Modal Verbs Chart (सहायक क्रियाएँ)
4. Voice Chart (Active & Passive)
5. Narration Chart (Direct & Indirect Speech)
6. Conditional Sentences Chart (अगर...तो वाले वाक्य)
7. Question Tags Chart (छोटे प्रश्न)
8. Degree of Comparison Chart (तुलना के स्तर)
9. Articles Chart (A, An, The)
10. Determiners Chart
11. Non-Finite Verbs Chart (Infinitives, Gerunds, Participles)
12. Subject-Verb Agreement Chart (Concord)
13. Prepositions Chart (Location, Time, Movement)
- A. Prepositions of Time (समय सूचक)
- B. Prepositions of Place (स्थान सूचक)
14. Conjunctions Chart (Joining Words)

1. Parts of Speech Chart

This chart explains the 8 building blocks of English grammar.

Part of Speech	Function/Purpose	Examples	Hindi Explanation
Noun (संज्ञा)	Names a person, place, thing, or idea.	Ram, Delhi, table, happiness	व्यक्ति, वस्तु, स्थान या विचार के नाम को संज्ञा कहते हैं।
Pronoun (सर्वनाम)	Replaces a noun to avoid repetition.	I, you, he, she, it, they, we	संज्ञा के स्थान पर प्रयोग किए जाने वाले शब्द सर्वनाम हैं।
Verb (क्रिया)	Describes an action, occurrence, or state of being.	Run, eat, is, were, become	किसी कार्य के करने या होने को क्रिया कहते हैं।
Adjective (विशेषण)	Describes or modifies a noun/pronoun.	Beautiful, tall, five, that	संज्ञा या सर्वनाम की विशेषता बताने वाले शब्द विशेषण हैं।
Adverb (क्रिया-विशेषण)	Describes or modifies a verb, adjective, or another adverb.	Slowly, very, quite, then	क्रिया, विशेषण, या दूसरे क्रिया-विशेषण की विशेषता बताता है।
Preposition (संबंधबोधक)	Shows relationship between a noun/pronoun and another word.	In, on, at, under, between	संज्ञा/सर्वनाम का संबंध वाक्य के दूसरे शब्दों से जोड़ता है।
Conjunction (समुच्चयबोधक)	Joins words, phrases, or clauses.	And, but, or, because, if	शब्दों या वाक्यों को जोड़ने वाले शब्द समुच्चयबोधक हैं।
Interjection (विस्मयादिबोधक)	Expresses sudden emotion or feeling.	Wow! Oh! Alas! Hurray!	अचानक भावना (खुशी, दुख) प्रकट करने वाले शब्द।

2. Tense Chart (काल)

Tenses show the time of an action. There are 3 main tenses (Present, Past, Future), each divided into 4 types.

A. Present Tense (वर्तमान काल)

Tense	Structure (Rule)	Example	Hindi Example
Simple Present	V1 (s/es)	I write a letter.	मैं पत्र लिखता हूँ।
Present Continuous	is/am/are + V4 (ing)	I am writing a letter.	मैं पत्र लिख रहा हूँ।
Present Perfect	has/have + V3	I have written a letter.	मैं पत्र लिख चुका हूँ।
Present Perfect Continuous	has/have + been + V4 (ing)	I have been writing for 2 hours.	मैं 2 घंटे से पत्र लिख रहा हूँ।

B. Past Tense (भूतकाल)

Tense	Structure (Rule)	Example	Hindi Example
Simple Past	V2	I wrote a letter.	मैंने पत्र लिखा था।
Past Continuous	was/were + V4 (ing)	I was writing a letter.	मैं पत्र लिख रहा था।
Past Perfect	had + V3	I had written a letter.	मैं पत्र लिख चुका था।
Past Perfect Continuous	had + been + V4 (ing)	I had been writing for 2 hours.	मैं 2 घंटे से पत्र लिख रहा था।

C. Future Tense (भविष्य काल)

Tense	Structure (Rule)	Example	Hindi Example
Simple Future	will/shall + V1	I will write a letter.	मैं पत्र लिखूंगा।
Future Continuous	will + be + V4 (ing)	I will be writing a letter.	मैं पत्र लिख रहा होऊंगा।
Future Perfect	will + have + V3	I will have written a letter.	मैं पत्र लिख चुका होऊंगा।
Future Perfect Continuous	will + have + been + V4 (ing)	I will have been writing for 2 hours.	मैं 2 घंटे से पत्र लिख रहा होऊंगा।

Modals are helping verbs that express necessity, possibility, permission, or ability.

Modal Verb	Usage	Example	Hindi Meaning
Can	Ability / Permission	I can swim. / Can I go out?	सकता हूँ (योग्यता) / अनुमति
Could	Past ability / Polite request	I could run fast. / Could you help?	सकता था / कृप्या (विनम्र निवेदन)
May	Permission / Possibility	May I come in? / It may rain.	सकता हूँ (अनुमति) / संभावना
Might	Weak possibility	It might rain today.	शायद (कम संभावना)
Must	Necessity / Strong obligation	You must wear a helmet.	अवश्य (आवश्यकता)
Should	Advice / Recommendation	You should see a doctor.	चाहिए (सलाह)
Will	Future action / Promise	I will call you tomorrow.	गा/गे (भविष्य) / वादा
Would	Polite request / Habit in past	Would you like tea? / He would play daily.	चाहेंगे (निवेदन) / करता था (आदत)
Ought to	Moral obligation	We ought to respect elders.	कर्तव्य होना

4. Voice Chart (Active & Passive)

Voice tells us if the subject is performing the action (Active) or receiving it (Passive).

Rule for Passive: *Object + helping verb + being (if needed) + V3 + by + Subject*

Tense	Active Voice (कर्ता वाच्य)	Passive Voice (कर्म वाच्य)
Simple Present	He eats an apple.	An apple is eaten by him.
Present Continuous	He is eating an apple.	An apple is being eaten by him.
Present Perfect	He has eaten an apple.	An apple has been eaten by him.
Simple Past	He ate an apple.	An apple was eaten by him.
Past Continuous	He was eating an apple.	An apple was being eaten by him.
Past Perfect	He had eaten an apple.	An apple had been eaten by him.
Simple Future	He will eat an apple.	An apple will be eaten by him.
Future Perfect	He will have eaten an apple.	An apple will have been eaten by him.

5. Narration Chart (Direct & Indirect Speech)

How to report what someone said, without quoting them directly.

Change Aspect	Direct Speech (प्रत्यक्ष कथन)	Indirect Speech (अप्रत्यक्ष कथन)
Tense Change (if reporting verb is in past tense)	Simple Present: “I eat bread.”	Simple Past: He said that he ate bread.
	Present Continuous: “I am eating.”	Past Continuous: He said he was eating.
	Present Perfect: “I have eaten.”	Past Perfect: He said he had eaten.
	Simple Past: “I ate.”	Past Perfect: He said he had eaten.
	Will: “I will eat.”	Would: He said he would eat.
	Can: “I can eat.”	Could: He said he could eat.
Pronoun Change	I am tired.	He said that he was tired.
Words of Nearness	Now / Today	Then / That day
	Here / Tomorrow	There / The next day
	Yesterday / This	The previous day / That

6. Conditional Sentences Chart (अगर…तो वाले वाक्य)

Type	Usage	If Clause (शर्त)	Main Clause (परिणाम)	Example
Zero Conditional	General Truths	Simple Present	Simple Present	If you heat ice, it melts. (बर्फ गर्म करोगे तो पिघलेगी)
First Conditional	Real/Likely future	Simple Present	will + V1	If it rains, I will stay home. (बारिश हुई तो घर रहूंगा)
Second Conditional	Unreal/Hypothetical	Simple Past	would + V1	If I were a bird, I would fly. (चिड़िया होता तो उड़ता)
Third Conditional	Unreal Past (Regret)	Past Perfect	would + have + V3	If I had studied, I would have passed. (पढ़ा होता तो पास हो जाता)

7. Question Tags Chart (छोटे प्रश्न)

Short questions added at the end of a sentence.

Rule	Statement	Question Tag
Positive statement, Negative tag	You are a student,	aren’t you?
	She can dance,	can’t she?
	He eats meat,	doesn’t he?
Negative statement, Positive tag	You aren’t a student,	are you?
	She cannot dance,	can she?
	He doesn’t eat meat,	does he?
Special: I am	I am right,	aren’t I?
Special: Let’s	Let’s go for a walk,	shall we?
Imperative (Request)	Open the door,	will you?

8. Degree of Comparison Chart (तुलना के स्तर)

Positive Degree (सामान्य)	Comparative Degree (अधिक)	Superlative Degree (सबसे अधिक)
Rule: as…as	Rule: -er / more	Rule: -est / most
Example:	Example:	Example:
Ram is as tall as Mohan. (राम मोहन जितना लंबा है।)	Ram is taller than Mohan. (राम मोहन से लंबा है।)	Ram is the tallest boy. (राम सबसे लंबा लड़का है।)
This book is as good as that.	This book is better than that.	This is the best book.
She is as beautiful as her sister.	She is more beautiful than her sister.	She is the most beautiful girl.

9. Articles Chart (A, An, The)

Articles are words that define a noun as specific or unspecific.

Article	Type	Usage Rule	Example	Hindi Context
A	Indefinite (अनिश्चित)	Used before words starting with a consonant sound.	A boy, A university (यूनिवर्सिटी – sound ‘yu’), A one-eyed man	किसी एक (अनिश्चित) के लिए
An	Indefinite (अनिश्चित)	Used before words starting with a vowel sound (a, e, i, o, u).	An apple, An hour (आवर – silent ‘h’), An honest man	किसी एक (अनिश्चित) के लिए
The	Definite (निश्चित)	Used for specific nouns, unique things, or things already mentioned.	The Sun, The Taj Mahal, I saw a dog. The dog was black.	किसी निश्चित या खास वस्तु के लिए

10. Determiners Chart

Determiners are words placed before nouns to clarify what the noun refers to.

Type of Determiner	Words Included	Example Sentence
Possessives (संबंधवाचक)	My, our, your, his, her, its, their	This is my book. His car is red.
Demonstratives (संकेतवाचक)	This, that, these, those	This pen is blue. Those girls are singers.
Quantifiers (मात्रावाचक)	Some, any, much, many, little, few, a lot of	I have some money. He has many friends.
Distributives (वितरणवाचक)	Each, every, either, neither	Each student got a prize. Every cloud has a silver lining.
Numbers (संख्यावाचक)	One, two, first, second, etc.	He ate three apples. He won the first prize.

11. Non-Finite Verbs Chart (Infinitives, Gerunds, Participles)

Verbs that do not change according to the subject or tense.

Type	Definition	Structure	Example	Hindi Meaning
Infinitive (टू + क्रिया)	To + V1 (acts as a noun/adjective/adverb)	to + V1	I want to sleep. (मैं सोना चाहता हूँ)	क्रिया का मूल रूप (करना, जाना)
Gerund (क्रियावाचक संज्ञा)	V1 + ing (acts as a noun)	V1 + ing	Swimming is good exercise. (तैरना अच्छा व्यायाम है)	क्रिया को संज्ञा का रूप
Participle (क्रियाविशेषण)	V1+ing (Present) / V3 (Past) (acts as an adjective)	V4 or V3	It was a tiring day. (Present Particble) / Broken glass (Past Participle)	विशेषण की तरह काम करना

12. Subject-Verb Agreement Chart (Concord)

The verb must agree with its subject in Number and Person.

Rule	Explanation	Correct Example	Incorrect Example
Singular Subject	Singular Subject + Singular Verb	Ram plays football.	Ram play football.
Plural Subject	Plural Subject + Plural Verb	They play football.	They plays football.
Either/Neither/Nor	The verb agrees with the subject nearest to it.	Neither Ram nor his friends were there.	Neither Ram nor his friends was there.
Each/Every/One of	These are always singular.	Each of the boys is smart.	Each of the boys are smart.
Collective Nouns (Group)	If group acts as one unit → singular. If individuals act separately → plural.	The team is winning. (एक टीम) / The team are wearing new jerseys. (अलग-अलग)	–

13. Prepositions Chart (Location, Time, Movement)

Words showing the relationship between a noun/pronoun and another word.

A. Prepositions of Time (समय सूचक)

Preposition	Usage	Example
At	Specific time, festivals (without ‘day’)	at 5 o’clock, at night, at Diwali
In	Months, Years, Centuries, Parts of day	in May, in 2024, in the morning
On	Days, Dates	on Monday, on 5th May
By	Deadline (तक)	Finish the work by evening.
Since	Point of time (से – समय बिंदु)	Since 2020, Since Monday
For	Duration (से – अवधि)	For 2 years, For a long time

B. Prepositions of Place (स्थान सूचक)

Preposition	Usage	Example
At	Specific point or location	at the door, at the bus stop
In	Enclosed space (अंदर)	in the room, in Delhi, in a box
On	Surface (ऊपर सटा हुआ)	on the table, on the wall
Under	Below something (नीचे)	The cat is under the table.
Between	Between two things (दो के बीच)	Sit between Ram and Shyam.
Among	Among many things (अनेकों के बीच)	Distribute among the students.

14. Conjunctions Chart (Joining Words)

Type	Function	Common Conjunctions	Example
Coordinating (समानाधिकरण)	Join two independent clauses of equal rank.	FANBOYS: For, And, Nor, But, Or, Yet, So	I like tea, but she likes coffee.
Subordinating (अधीनस्थ)	Join a dependent clause with an independent clause.	Because, since, if, when, although, while, that	He stayed home because he was sick.
Correlative (सह-सम्बन्धी)	Pairs of conjunctions used together.	Either…or, Neither…nor, Not only…but also, Both…and	Either you leave or I will call the police.