
| Definition | Hindi Definition | Basic Concept |
|---|---|---|
| Conditional sentences are used to express that one thing depends on another. They have two parts: the if-clause (condition) and the main clause (result). | सशर्त वाक्य उन स्थितियों को व्यक्त करने के लिए उपयोग किए जाते हैं जहाँ एक बात दूसरी बात पर निर्भर करती है। इनके दो भाग होते हैं: यदि-उपवाक्य (शर्त) और मुख्य उपवाक्य (परिणाम)। | If X happens, then Y happens. (यदि X होता है, तो Y होता है।) |
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ CONDITIONAL SENTENCE ├─────────────────────────────┬───────────────────────────────────┤ │ IF-CLAUSE MAIN CLAUSE │ (Condition/शर्त) │ (Result/परिणाम) │ ├─────────────────────────────┼───────────────────────────────────┤ │ If it rains... │ ...the ground will get wet. │ (यदि बारिश होती है...) (...तो ज़मीन गीली हो जाएगी।) └─────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────────────────┘
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
|
+-----------------+-----------------+
| | |
ZERO CONDITIONAL FIRST CONDITIONAL SECOND CONDITIONAL
(सामान्य सत्य) (संभावित भविष्य) (अवास्तविक वर्तमान)
| | |
+-----+-----+ +-----+-----+ +-----+-----+
| | | | | |
General Scientific Real Possible Hypothetical Imaginary
Truths Facts Situation Future Present Situations
+-----------------+-----------------+
| |
THIRD CONDITIONAL MIXED CONDITIONAL
(अवास्तविक भूतकाल) (मिश्रित)
| |
+-----+-----+ +---+---+
| | | |
Past Regret Past Present/
Regrets Situations Condition Future Result
Used for general truths, scientific facts, and habits – things that are always true.
| Part | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| If-Clause | If + Present Simple | If you heat ice |
| Main Clause | Present Simple | it melts. |
Complete Formula: If + Present Simple, Present Simple
| Rule No. | Rule Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Used for things that are always true (हमेशा सत्य) | If you heat water, it boils at 100°C. |
| 2 | Both clauses use Present Simple tense (दोनों में Present Simple) | If it rains, the grass gets wet. |
| 3 | ‘If’ can be replaced with ‘when’ without changing meaning | When you heat ice, it melts. |
| 4 | The order of clauses can be reversed | Ice melts if you heat it. |
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| General Truths | |
| If you heat ice, it melts. | यदि आप बर्फ गर्म करते हैं, तो वह पिघलती है। |
| If you freeze water, it turns into ice. | यदि आप पानी जमाते हैं, तो वह बर्फ बन जाता है। |
| If it rains, the ground gets wet. | यदि बारिश होती है, तो ज़मीन गीली हो जाती है। |
| If you mix red and blue, you get purple. | यदि आप लाल और नीला मिलाते हैं, तो बैंगनी रंग मिलता है। |
| Scientific Facts | |
| If you heat metal, it expands. | यदि आप धातु गर्म करते हैं, तो वह फैलती है। |
| If there is no water, plants die. | यदि पानी नहीं होता, तो पौधे मर जाते हैं। |
| If the sun sets, it gets dark. | यदि सूरज डूबता है, तो अंधेरा हो जाता है। |
| Habits/Routines | |
| If I’m tired, I go to bed early. | यदि मैं थका होता हूँ, तो जल्दी सो जाता हूँ। |
| If my mother is busy, I cook dinner. | यदि मेरी माँ व्यस्त होती हैं, तो मैं खाना बनाता हूँ। |
Things that are always true
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you heat ice, it melts. | यदि आप बर्फ गर्म करते हैं, तो वह पिघलती है। |
| If you freeze water, it turns into ice. | यदि आप पानी जमाते हैं, तो वह बर्फ बन जाता है। |
| If it rains, the ground gets wet. | यदि बारिश होती है, तो ज़मीन गीली हो जाती है। |
| If you mix red and blue, you get purple. | यदि आप लाल और नीला मिलाते हैं, तो बैंगनी रंग मिलता है। |
| If you mix yellow and blue, you get green. | यदि आप पीला और नीला मिलाते हैं, तो हरा रंग मिलता है। |
| If you heat water to 100°C, it boils. | यदि आप पानी को 100°C तक गर्म करते हैं, तो वह उबलता है। |
| If you cool water to 0°C, it freezes. | यदि आप पानी को 0°C तक ठंडा करते हैं, तो वह जम जाता है। |
| If you drop a glass, it breaks. | यदि आप गिलास गिराते हैं, तो वह टूट जाता है। |
| If you squeeze a lemon, you get juice. | यदि आप नींबू निचोड़ते हैं, तो रस मिलता है। |
| If you throw a ball up, it comes down. | यदि आप गेंद ऊपर फेंकते हैं, तो वह नीचे आती है। |
Universal scientific principles
If you heat metal, it expands. | यदि आप धातु गर्म करते हैं, तो वह फैलती है।
If there is no water, plants die. | यदि पानी नहीं होता, तो पौधे मर जाते हैं।
If the sun sets, it gets dark. | यदि सूरज डूबता है, तो अंधेरा हो जाता है।
If you add sugar to tea, it becomes sweet. | यदि आप चाय में चीनी डालते हैं, तो वह मीठी हो जाती है।
If you mix oxygen and hydrogen, you get water. | यदि आप ऑक्सीजन और हाइड्रोजन मिलाते हैं, तो पानी मिलता है।
If the temperature rises, ice melts faster. | यदि तापमान बढ़ता है, तो बर्फ तेजी से पिघलती है।
If there is no gravity, objects float. | यदि गुरुत्वाकर्षण नहीं होता, तो वस्तुएँ तैरती हैं।
If you strike a match, it lights. | यदि आप माचिस जलाते हैं, तो वह जलती है।
If you put oil in water, it floats. | यदि आप पानी में तेल डालते हैं, तो वह तैरता है।
If you expose iron to air, it rusts. | यदि लोहा हवा के संपर्क में आता है, तो वह जंग खाता है।
Personal habits and daily routines
If I’m tired, I go to bed early. | यदि मैं थका होता हूँ, तो जल्दी सो जाता हूँ।
If my mother is busy, I cook dinner. | यदि मेरी माँ व्यस्त होती हैं, तो मैं खाना बनाता हूँ।
If I have free time, I read books. | यदि मेरे पास खाली समय होता है, तो मैं किताबें पढ़ता हूँ।
If it’s sunny, I go for a walk. | यदि धूप होती है, तो मैं टहलने जाता हूँ।
If I’m happy, I sing songs. | यदि मैं खुश होता हूँ, तो गाने गाता हूँ।
If I’m sad, I listen to music. | यदि मैं उदास होता हूँ, तो संगीत सुनता हूँ।
If my friends visit, we play cricket. | यदि मेरे दोस्त आते हैं, तो हम क्रिकेट खेलते हैं।
If I wake up early, I do yoga. | यदि मैं जल्दी उठता हूँ, तो योग करता हूँ।
If I have money, I buy books. | यदि मेरे पास पैसे होते हैं, तो मैं किताबें खरीदता हूँ।
If I feel cold, I drink tea. | यदि मुझे ठंड लगती है, तो चाय पीता हूँ।
Facts that are true everywhere and always
If you eat too much, you feel sick. | यदि आप बहुत अधिक खाते हैं, तो आपको बीमार महसूस होता है।
If you don’t eat, you get hungry. | यदि आप नहीं खाते, तो भूख लगती है।
If you don’t sleep enough, you feel tired. | यदि आप पर्याप्त नहीं सोते, तो थका हुआ महसूस करते हैं।
If you exercise regularly, you stay healthy. | यदि आप नियमित व्यायाम करते हैं, तो स्वस्थ रहते हैं।
If you practice daily, you improve. | यदि आप रोज़ अभ्यास करते हैं, तो सुधार होता है।
If you tell lies, people don’t trust you. | यदि आप झूठ बोलते हैं, तो लोग आप पर विश्वास नहीं करते।
If you help others, they help you. | यदि आप दूसरों की मदद करते हैं, तो वे आपकी मदद करते हैं।
If you work hard, you succeed. | यदि आप मेहनत करते हैं, तो सफल होते हैं।
If you smile, people smile back. | यदि आप मुस्कुराते हैं, तो लोग आपको देखकर मुस्कुराते हैं।
If you are kind, everyone likes you. | यदि आप दयालु हैं, तो सब आपको पसंद करते हैं।
How to do things
If you want to make tea, boil water first. | यदि आप चाय बनाना चाहते हैं, तो पहले पानी उबालें।
If the computer doesn’t work, restart it. | यदि कंप्यूटर काम नहीं करता, तो उसे रीस्टार्ट करें।
If the light is red, stop. | यदि लाल बत्ती है, तो रुकें।
If the light is green, go. | यदि हरी बत्ती है, तो चलें।
If you have a fever, take medicine. | यदि आपको बुखार है, तो दवा लें।
If you don’t know the answer, skip the question. | यदि आपको जवाब नहीं पता, तो प्रश्न छोड़ दें।
If you make a mistake, correct it. | यदि आप गलती करते हैं, तो उसे सुधारें।
If the door is locked, use the key. | यदि दरवाज़ा बंद है, तो चाबी का उपयोग करें।
If you feel dizzy, sit down. | यदि आपको चक्कर आता है, तो बैठ जाएँ।
If you have questions, ask the teacher. | यदि आपके प्रश्न हैं, तो शिक्षक से पूछें।
If there is fire, there is smoke. | यदि आग होती है, तो धुआँ होता है।
If there are clouds, it might rain. | यदि बादल होते हैं, तो बारिश हो सकती है।
If the wind blows strongly, trees sway. | यदि हवा तेज़ चलती है, तो पेड़ हिलते हैं।
If day comes, night goes. | यदि दिन आता है, तो रात जाती है।
If spring arrives, flowers bloom. | यदि वसंत आता है, तो फूल खिलते हैं।
If there is pollen, some people sneeze. | यदि पराग होता है, तो कुछ लोग छींकते हैं।
If the moon is full, the sky is bright. | यदि पूर्णिमा होती है, तो आकाश उज्ज्वल होता है।
If it’s winter, days are short. | यदि सर्दी होती है, तो दिन छोटे होते हैं।
If it’s summer, days are long. | यदि गर्मी होती है, तो दिन लंबे होते हैं।
How people typically feel or react
If I see a snake, I get scared. | यदि मैं साँप देखता हूँ, तो डर जाता हूँ।
If she watches a sad movie, she cries. | यदि वह दुखद फिल्म देखती है, तो रोती है।
If he gets a gift, he feels happy. | यदि उसे उपहार मिलता है, तो वह खुश होता है।
If they hear good news, they celebrate. | यदि वे अच्छी खबर सुनते हैं, तो जश्न मनाते हैं।
If I lose my phone, I panic. | यदि मेरा फोन खो जाता है, तो मैं घबरा जाता हूँ।
If she meets her friend, she gets excited. | यदि वह अपने दोस्त से मिलती है, तो उत्साहित होती है।
If he fails the test, he feels disappointed. | यदि वह परीक्षा में फेल होता है, तो निराश होता है।
If they win the match, they cheer. | यदि वे मैच जीतते हैं, तो जयकार करते हैं।
‘If’ can be replaced with ‘when’ without changing meaning
When you heat ice, it melts. | जब आप बर्फ गर्म करते हैं, तो वह पिघलती है।
When it rains, the ground gets wet. | जब बारिश होती है, तो ज़मीन गीली हो जाती है।
When I’m tired, I go to bed early. | जब मैं थका होता हूँ, तो जल्दी सो जाता हूँ।
When the sun sets, it gets dark. | जब सूरज डूबता है, तो अंधेरा हो जाता है।
When you mix red and blue, you get purple. | जब आप लाल और नीला मिलाते हैं, तो बैंगनी मिलता है।
When you exercise, you feel healthy. | जब आप व्यायाम करते हैं, तो स्वस्थ महसूस करते हैं।
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Negative Condition | If you don’t eat, you get hungry. | यदि आप नहीं खाते, तो भूख लगती है। |
| If it doesn’t rain, plants die. | यदि बारिश नहीं होती, तो पौधे मर जाते हैं। | |
| If you don’t sleep enough, you feel tired. | यदि आप पर्याप्त नहीं सोते, तो थकान महसूस होती है। | |
| If she doesn’t practice, she doesn’t improve. | यदि वह अभ्यास नहीं करती, तो सुधार नहीं होता। | |
| Negative Result | If you eat too much, you don’t feel good. | यदि आप बहुत अधिक खाते हैं, तो अच्छा नहीं लगता। |
| If you tell lies, people don’t trust you. | यदि आप झूठ बोलते हैं, तो लोग विश्वास नहीं करते। |
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No Questions | Does ice melt if you heat it? | यदि आप बर्फ गर्म करें तो क्या वह पिघलती है? |
| Do plants die if there is no water? | यदि पानी न हो तो क्या पौधे मर जाते हैं? | |
| Do you go to bed early if you’re tired? | यदि तुम थके हो तो क्या जल्दी सो जाते हो? | |
| Does she cook if her mother is busy? | यदि उसकी माँ व्यस्त हों तो क्या वह खाना बनाती है? | |
| WH- Questions | What happens if you heat ice? | यदि आप बर्फ गर्म करें तो क्या होता है? |
| What do you do if you’re tired? | यदि तुम थके हो तो क्या करते हो? | |
| Where do you go if it’s sunny? | यदि धूप हो तो तुम कहाँ जाते हो? | |
| How do you feel if you don’t sleep? | यदि आप नहीं सोते तो कैसा महसूस करते हैं? |
| Subject | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| I | If I am late, I apologize. | यदि मैं देर से आता हूँ, तो माफी माँगता हूँ। |
| You | If you exercise, you stay fit. | यदि तुम व्यायाम करते हो, तो फिट रहते हो। |
| He | If he works hard, he succeeds. | यदि वह मेहनत करता है, तो सफल होता है। |
| She | If she studies, she gets good marks. | यदि वह पढ़ाई करती है, तो अच्छे अंक मिलते हैं। |
| It | If it rains, the grass grows. | यदि बारिश होती है, तो घास बढ़ती है। |
| We | If we save money, we feel secure. | यदि हम पैसे बचाते हैं, तो सुरक्षित महसूस करते हैं। |
| They | If they practice, they win matches. | यदि वे अभ्यास करते हैं, तो मैच जीतते हैं। |
If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it. | यदि कुछ खराब नहीं है, तो उसे ठीक मत करो। |
If you play with fire, you get burned. | यदि आग से खेलोगे, तो जलोगे। |
If you chase two rabbits, you catch neither. | यदि दो खरगोशों के पीछे भागोगे, तो एक भी नहीं पकड़ोगे। |
If you lie down with dogs, you get up with fleas. | यदि कुत्तों के साथ लेटोगे, तो पिस्सू के साथ उठोगे। |
If you scratch my back, I’ll scratch yours. | यदि तुम मेरी पीठ खुजलाओगे, तो मैं तुम्हारी खुजलाऊँगा। |
If you can’t stand the heat, get out of the kitchen. | यदि गर्मी बर्दाश्त नहीं कर सकते, तो रसोई से बाहर निकलो। |
| Type | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | If + Present Simple, Present Simple | If you heat ice, it melts. |
| Negative (Condition) | If + don’t/doesn’t + V1, Present Simple | If you don’t eat, you get hungry. |
| Negative (Result) | If + Present Simple, don’t/doesn’t + V1 | If you overeat, you don’t feel good. |
| With ‘When’ | When + Present Simple, Present Simple | When it rains, the ground gets wet. |
| Question | Do/Does + subject + V1 + if + Present Simple? | Does ice melt if you heat it? |
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Zero Conditional | If you heat ice, it melts. (Always true) | यदि बर्फ गर्म करो, तो पिघलती है। (हमेशा सत्य) |
| First Conditional | If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home. (Possible future) | यदि कल बारिश हुई, तो हम घर रहेंगे। (संभावित भविष्य) |
| Second Conditional | If I had wings, I would fly. (Imaginary) | यदि मेरे पंख होते, तो मैं उड़ता। (काल्पनिक) |
| Third Conditional | If I had studied, I would have passed. (Past regret) | यदि मैंने पढ़ाई की होती, तो पास हो जाता। (भूतकाल का पछतावा) |
| # | Rule | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Present Simple in Both Clauses | If + Present Simple, Present Simple (दोनों उपवाक्यों में Present Simple) |
| 2 | 100% Certainty | Always true – scientific facts, general truths (हमेशा सत्य – वैज्ञानिक तथ्य, सामान्य सत्य) |
| 3 | ‘If’ = ‘When’ | Can replace ‘if’ with ‘when’ without changing meaning (‘if’ की जगह ‘when’ भी लगा सकते हैं) |
| 4 | No Future Tense | Never use will/would in zero conditional (will/would का प्रयोग नहीं होता) |
| 5 | Comma Rule | Comma used when if-clause comes first (यदि if-clause पहले आए तो comma लगाएँ) |
| Category | Example | Hindi |
|---|---|---|
| General Truth | If you heat ice, it melts. | यदि बर्फ गर्म करो, तो पिघलती है। |
| Scientific Fact | If you heat metal, it expands. | यदि धातु गर्म करो, तो फैलती है। |
| Habit/Routine | If I’m tired, I go to bed early. | यदि थका हूँ, तो जल्दी सोता हूँ। |
| Universal Truth | If you help others, they help you. | यदि दूसरों की मदद करो, तो वे तुम्हारी मदद करते हैं। |
| Instruction | If the light is red, stop. | यदि लाल बत्ती है, तो रुको। |
| Law of Nature | If there is fire, there is smoke. | यदि आग है, तो धुआँ है। |
| Emotional Reaction | If I see a snake, I get scared. | यदि साँप देखूँ, तो डर जाता हूँ। |
Used for real and possible situations in the present or future. There’s a real possibility that the condition will happen.
| Part | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| If-Clause | If + Present Simple | If it rains tomorrow |
| Main Clause | will + V1 (base verb) | we will cancel the picnic. |
Complete Formula: If + Present Simple, will + V1
| Rule No. | Rule Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Used for possible future situations (संभावित भविष्य) | If you study hard, you will pass. |
| 2 | If-clause: Present Simple; Main clause: will/shall/can/may + V1 | If she comes, we will go. |
| 3 | ‘If’ cannot be followed by ‘will’ (If के बाद will नहीं आता) | ❌ If you will come… → ✅ If you come… |
| 4 | Can use modals like can, may, might, should in main clause | If you finish early, you can go home. |
Certain result if condition is met
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home. | यदि कल बारिश हुई, तो हम घर पर रहेंगे। |
| If you study hard, you will pass the exam. | यदि तुम कड़ी मेहनत करोगे, तो परीक्षा पास कर जाओगे। |
| If she comes early, we will start the meeting. | यदि वह जल्दी आएगी, तो हम बैठक शुरू कर देंगे। |
| If he asks me, I will help him. | यदि वह मुझसे पूछेगा, तो मैं उसकी मदद करूँगा। |
| If they invite us, we will attend the party. | यदि वे हमें आमंत्रित करेंगे, तो हम पार्टी में शामिल होंगे। |
| If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus. | यदि तुम जल्दी नहीं करोगे, तो बस छूट जाएगी। |
| If the weather is nice, we will go to the beach. | यदि मौसम अच्छा रहा, तो हम समुद्र तट जाएँगे। |
| If I have time, I will call you. | यदि मेरे पास समय हुआ, तो मैं तुम्हें फोन करूँगा। |
| If she passes the test, she will get the job. | यदि वह परीक्षा पास कर गई, तो उसे नौकरी मिल जाएगी। |
| If we save money, we will buy a new car. | यदि हम पैसे बचाएँगे, तो नई कार खरीदेंगे। |
Ability or permission as a result
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you finish your work, you can go out. | यदि तुम अपना काम खत्म कर लोगे, तो बाहर जा सकते हो। |
| If you behave well, you can stay up late. | यदि तुम अच्छा व्यवहार करोगे, तो देर तक जाग सकते हो। |
| If she learns English, she can work abroad. | यदि वह अंग्रेजी सीख लेगी, तो विदेश में काम कर सकती है। |
| If he arrives early, he can get good seats. | यदि वह जल्दी पहुँचेगा, तो अच्छी सीटें पा सकता है। |
| If you have a ticket, you can enter the museum. | यदि तुम्हारे पास टिकट है, तो संग्रहालय में प्रवेश कर सकते हो। |
| If we save enough, we can travel to Europe. | यदि हम पर्याप्त बचत कर लें, तो यूरोप घूम सकते हैं। |
| If they help us, we can finish early. | यदि वे हमारी मदद करेंगे, तो हम जल्दी खत्म कर सकते हैं। |
| If you practice daily, you can become a good singer. | यदि तुम रोज़ अभ्यास करोगे, तो अच्छे गायक बन सकते हो। |
Formal permission or possibility
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you need help, you may call me. | यदि तुम्हें मदद चाहिए, तो मुझे कॉल कर सकते हो। |
| If you have questions, you may ask the teacher. | यदि तुम्हारे प्रश्न हों, तो शिक्षक से पूछ सकते हो। |
| If the documents are ready, you may submit them. | यदि दस्तावेज़ तैयार हैं, तो उन्हें जमा कर सकते हो। |
| If you finish the test early, you may leave. | यदि तुम परीक्षा जल्दी खत्म कर लो, तो जा सकते हो। |
| If she agrees, she may join our team. | यदि वह सहमत होगी, तो हमारी टीम में शामिल हो सकती है। |
Less certain possibility
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If the weather is good, we might go for a walk. | यदि मौसम अच्छा रहा, तो हम टहलने जा सकते हैं। |
| If she feels better, she might come to the party. | यदि वह बेहतर महसूस करेगी, तो पार्टी में आ सकती है। |
| If they have time, they might visit us. | यदि उनके पास समय हुआ, तो वे हमसे मिल सकते हैं। |
| If you ask nicely, he might help you. | यदि तुम विनम्रता से पूछोगे, तो वह तुम्हारी मदद कर सकता है। |
| If it stops raining, we might play cricket. | यदि बारिश रुक गई, तो हम क्रिकेट खेल सकते हैं। |
| If the price drops, I might buy that phone. | यदि कीमत कम हुई, तो मैं वह फोन खरीद सकता हूँ। |
| If she calls, I might tell her the truth. | यदि वह फोन करेगी, तो मैं उसे सच बता सकता हूँ। |
| If we hurry, we might catch the movie. | यदि हम जल्दी करें, तो फिल्म पकड़ सकते हैं। |
Possibility or ability
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you save money, you could buy a house someday. | यदि तुम पैसे बचाओगे, तो कभी घर खरीद सकते हो। |
| If she learns driving, she could travel alone. | यदि वह ड्राइविंग सीख लेगी, तो अकेले यात्रा कर सकती है। |
| If they invest wisely, they could become rich. | यदि वे समझदारी से निवेश करेंगे, तो अमीर बन सकते हैं। |
| If you speak clearly, everyone could understand you. | यदि तुम स्पष्ट बोलोगे, तो सब तुम्हें समझ सकते हैं। |
| If we start now, we could finish by evening. | यदि हम अभी शुरू करें, तो शाम तक खत्म कर सकते हैं। |
Advice or recommendation
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you feel pain, you should see a doctor. | यदि दर्द हो, तो डॉक्टर को दिखाना चाहिए। |
| If you want to pass, you should study regularly. | यदि पास होना चाहते हो, तो नियमित पढ़ाई करनी चाहिए। |
| If she is tired, she should rest. | यदि वह थकी हुई है, तो उसे आराम करना चाहिए। |
| If the food is spicy, you should drink water. | यदि खाना मसालेदार है, तो पानी पीना चाहिए। |
| If they ask for help, we should assist them. | यदि वे मदद माँगें, तो हमें उनकी सहायता करनी चाहिए। |
Commands, requests, or instructions
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you see him, tell him to call me. | यदि तुम उसे देखो, तो उसे मुझे कॉल करने को कहो। |
| If you are late, don’t come in. | यदि तुम देर से आओ, तो अंदर मत आना। |
| If you need money, ask your father. | यदि तुम्हें पैसे चाहिए, तो अपने पिता से माँगो। |
| If you find my keys, return them to me. | यदि मेरी चाबियाँ मिलें, तो मुझे वापस कर दो। |
| If she calls, tell her I’m busy. | यदि वह फोन करे, तो उसे बता दो कि मैं व्यस्त हूँ। |
| If you feel cold, wear a jacket. | यदि ठंड लगे, तो जैकेट पहन लो। |
| If you have doubts, ask the teacher. | यदि संदेह हो, तो शिक्षक से पूछो। |
| If you finish early, wait for me. | यदि जल्दी खत्म हो जाओ, तो मेरा इंतज़ार करो। |
| If you go to market, bring some vegetables. | यदि बाजार जाओ, तो कुछ सब्जियाँ लाना। |
| If you don’t understand, raise your hand. | यदि समझ में न आए, तो हाथ उठाओ। |
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Negative Condition | If you don’t hurry, you will miss the bus. | यदि तुम जल्दी नहीं करोगे, तो बस छूट जाएगी। |
| If she doesn’t study, she will fail. | यदि वह पढ़ाई नहीं करेगी, तो फेल हो जाएगी। | |
| If it doesn’t rain, we will go out. | यदि बारिश नहीं हुई, तो हम बाहर जाएँगे। | |
| If he doesn’t apologize, I won’t forgive him. | यदि वह माफी नहीं माँगेगा, तो मैं माफ नहीं करूँगी। | |
| Negative Result | If you are late, I won’t wait for you. | यदि तुम देर से आओगे, तो मैं तुम्हारा इंतज़ार नहीं करूँगा। |
| If she lies again, I won’t trust her. | यदि वह फिर झूठ बोलेगी, तो मैं उस पर विश्वास नहीं करूँगा। | |
| If they don’t invite us, we won’t attend. | यदि वे हमें नहीं बुलाएँगे, तो हम शामिल नहीं होंगे। |
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No Questions | Will you help me if I ask? | यदि मैं पूछूँ तो क्या तुम मेरी मदद करोगे? |
| Will she come if we invite her? | यदि हम उसे बुलाएँ तो क्या वह आएगी? | |
| Can I go out if I finish my work? | यदि मैं अपना काम खत्म कर लूँ तो क्या मैं बाहर जा सकता हूँ? | |
| Should I call him if he doesn’t reply? | यदि वह जवाब न दे तो क्या मुझे उसे फोन करना चाहिए? | |
| WH- Questions | What will you do if you lose your job? | यदि तुम्हारी नौकरी चली जाए तो तुम क्या करोगे? |
| Where will we go if it rains? | यदि बारिश हुई तो हम कहाँ जाएँगे? | |
| How will she react if she finds out? | यदि उसे पता चल गया तो वह कैसे प्रतिक्रिया देगी? | |
| Who will help you if you are in trouble? | यदि तुम मुसीबत में हो तो तुम्हारी मदद कौन करेगा? |
| Subject | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| I | If I have time, I will visit you. | यदि मेरे पास समय हुआ, तो मैं तुमसे मिलूँगा। |
| You | If you work hard, you will succeed. | यदि तुम मेहनत करोगे, तो सफल होगे। |
| He | If he comes early, he will get a seat. | यदि वह जल्दी आएगा, तो उसे सीट मिल जाएगी। |
| She | If she practices, she will win. | यदि वह अभ्यास करेगी, तो जीतेगी। |
| It | If it rains, the ground will get wet. | यदि बारिश हुई, तो ज़मीन गीली हो जाएगी। |
| We | If we save money, we will travel. | यदि हम पैसे बचाएँगे, तो यात्रा करेंगे। |
| They | If they invite us, we will go. | यदि वे हमें बुलाएँगे, तो हम जाएँगे। |
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you don’t understand, ask the teacher. | यदि समझ में न आए, तो शिक्षक से पूछो। |
| If you don’t feel well, stay home. | यदि तबीयत ठीक न हो, तो घर पर रहो। |
| If he doesn’t call, don’t wait for him. | यदि वह फोन न करे, तो उसका इंतज़ार मत करो। |
| If they don’t agree, don’t force them. | यदि वे सहमत न हों, तो उन्हें मजबूर मत करो। |
| If you don’t know the answer, say you don’t know. | यदि जवाब नहीं पता, तो कह दो कि नहीं पता। |
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If all goes well, we will reach by evening. | यदि सब ठीक रहा, तो हम शाम तक पहुँच जाएँगे। |
| If God wills, I will succeed. | यदि भगवान की इच्छा हुई, तो मैं सफल हो जाऊँगा। |
| If you don’t mind, I will open the window. | यदि तुम्हें कोई आपत्ति न हो, तो मैं खिड़की खोल दूँगा। |
| If necessary, I will come again. | यदि आवश्यक हुआ, तो मैं फिर आऊँगा। |
| If possible, please send the report today. | यदि संभव हो, तो कृपया रिपोर्ट आज भेज दें। |
| If you ask me, I think you should go. | यदि तुम मुझसे पूछो, तो मुझे लगता है तुम्हें जाना चाहिए। |
| Type | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | If + Present Simple, will + V1 | If you study, you will pass. |
| Negative (Condition) | If + don’t/doesn’t + V1, will + V1 | If you don’t study, you will fail. |
| Negative (Result) | If + Present Simple, won’t + V1 | If you study, you won’t fail. |
| With Modals | If + Present Simple, can/may/might/could/should + V1 | If you study, you can pass. |
| Imperative | If + Present Simple, Imperative | If you see him, call me. |
| Question | Will + subject + V1 + if + Present Simple? | Will you help if I ask? |
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Zero Conditional | If you heat ice, it melts. (Always true) | यदि बर्फ गर्म करो, तो पिघलती है। (हमेशा सत्य) |
| First Conditional | If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home. (Possible future) | यदि कल बारिश हुई, तो हम घर रहेंगे। (संभावित भविष्य) |
| Second Conditional | If I had wings, I would fly. (Imaginary) | यदि मेरे पंख होते, तो मैं उड़ता। (काल्पनिक) |
| Third Conditional | If I had studied, I would have passed. (Past regret) | यदि मैंने पढ़ाई की होती, तो पास हो जाता। (भूतकाल का पछतावा) |
| # | Rule | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Present Simple in If-Clause | If + Present Simple (यदि + वर्तमान काल) |
| 2 | Future/Modal in Main Clause | will/can/may/might/should + V1 (भविष्य/मोडल) |
| 3 | Real Possibility | 50-90% chance of happening (वास्तविक संभावना) |
| 4 | No ‘Will’ in If-Clause | ❌ If you will come → ✅ If you come |
| 5 | Comma Rule | Comma when if-clause comes first (यदि पहले आए तो comma) |
Used for imaginary, hypothetical, or unlikely situations in the present or future. The condition is not probable or is impossible.
| Part | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| If-Clause | If + Past Simple | If I had a million dollars |
| Main Clause | would + V1 (base verb) | I would buy a big house. |
Complete Formula: If + Past Simple, would + V1
| Rule No. | Rule Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Used for imaginary/unreal situations (काल्पनिक स्थितियाँ) | If I were a bird, I would fly. |
| 2 | Past tense in if-clause DOES NOT mean past time – it shows unreality | If I had money (now), I would help you. |
| 3 | Use ‘were’ for all subjects in formal English (was is also used informally) | If I were you, I would accept. |
| 4 | Main clause uses would/could/might + V1 | If she tried, she could succeed. |
| Subject | Formal | Informal |
|---|---|---|
| I | If I were | If I was |
| He/She/It | If he were | If he was |
| You/We/They | If you were | If you were |
| Category | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| IMAGINARY SITUATIONS (काल्पनिक स्थितियाँ) | ||
| 1 | If I had a million dollars, I would travel the world. | यदि मेरे पास दस लाख डॉलर होते, तो मैं दुनिया घूमता। |
| 2 | If I were you, I would accept the job. | यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता, तो नौकरी स्वीकार कर लेता। |
| 3 | If she knew the answer, she would tell us. | यदि वह जवाब जानती, तो हमें बताती। |
| 4 | If we had a car, we would drive to Mumbai. | यदि हमारे पास कार होती, तो हम मुंबई ड्राइव करके जाते। |
| 5 | If I spoke French, I would live in Paris. | यदि मैं फ्रेंच बोलता, तो पेरिस में रहता। |
| 6 | If she were a bird, she would fly everywhere. | यदि वह चिड़िया होती, तो हर जगह उड़ती। |
| 7 | If he were the president, he would help the poor. | यदि वह राष्ट्रपति होता, तो गरीबों की मदद करता। |
| 8 | If we had wings, we could fly like birds. | यदि हमारे पंख होते, तो हम पक्षियों की तरह उड़ सकते थे। |
| UNLIKELY SITUATIONS (असंभावित स्थितियाँ) | ||
| 9 | If it stopped raining, we could go out. | यदि बारिश रुक जाए, तो हम बाहर जा सकते हैं। (पर रुकने की संभावना कम) |
| 10 | If he worked harder, he might get a promotion. | यदि वह और मेहनत करता, तो शायद प्रमोशन मिल जाता। |
| 11 | If they invited me, I would attend the party. | यदि वे मुझे आमंत्रित करते, तो मैं पार्टी में जाता। |
| 12 | If she applied for the job, she might get it. | यदि वह नौकरी के लिए आवेदन करती, तो शायद उसे मिल जाती। |
| 13 | If we left now, we could catch the train. | यदि हम अभी निकलते, तो ट्रेन पकड़ सकते थे। |
| 14 | If he saved money, he could buy a house. | यदि वह पैसे बचाता, तो घर खरीद सकता था। |
| 15 | If they practiced more, they might win the match. | यदि वे और अभ्यास करते, तो शायद मैच जीत जाते। |
| 16 | If she learned driving, she could travel alone. | यदि वह ड्राइविंग सीखती, तो अकेले यात्रा कर सकती थी। |
| WISHES (इच्छाएँ) | ||
| 17 | If I were taller, I would play basketball. | यदि मैं लंबा होता, तो बास्केटबॉल खेलता। |
| 18 | If she were here, she would help us. | यदि वह यहाँ होती, तो हमारी मदद करती। |
| 19 | If I were younger, I would travel the world. | यदि मैं छोटा होता, तो दुनिया घूमता। |
| 20 | If he were rich, he would donate to charity. | यदि वह अमीर होता, तो दान करता। |
| 21 | If they were here, we would celebrate together. | यदि वे यहाँ होते, तो हम साथ जश्न मनाते। |
| 22 | If I were the Prime Minister, I would improve education. | यदि मैं प्रधानमंत्री होता, तो शिक्षा सुधारता। |
| 23 | If she were my sister, I would protect her. | यदि वह मेरी बहन होती, तो मैं उसकी रक्षा करता। |
| 24 | If we were rich, we would buy a big house. | यदि हम अमीर होते, तो बड़ा घर खरीदते। |
| Modal | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| WOULD (निश्चित परिणाम) | If I had money, I would buy a car. | यदि मेरे पास पैसे होते, तो मैं कार खरीदता। |
| If she were free, she would come. | यदि वह खाली होती, तो वह आती। | |
| If we knew the answer, we would tell you. | यदि हमें जवाब पता होता, तो हम आपको बताते। | |
| COULD (क्षमता/संभावना) | If I had wings, I could fly. | यदि मेरे पंख होते, तो मैं उड़ सकता था। |
| If we had a car, we could drive there. | यदि हमारे पास कार होती, तो हम वहाँ ड्राइव कर सकते थे। | |
| If he spoke English, he could work abroad. | यदि वह अंग्रेजी बोलता, तो विदेश में काम कर सकता था। | |
| MIGHT (कम संभावना) | If she asked him, he might help. | यदि वह उससे पूछती, तो शायद वह मदद करता। |
| If they invited us, we might attend. | यदि वे हमें बुलाते, तो शायद हम शामिल होते। | |
| If it stopped raining, we might go out. | यदि बारिश रुकती, तो शायद हम बाहर जाते। |
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Negative Condition | If I didn’t have work, I would come with you. | यदि मेरे पास काम नहीं होता, तो मैं तुम्हारे साथ आता। |
| If she didn’t live far, she would visit often. | यदि वह दूर नहीं रहती, तो अक्सर आती। | |
| If he didn’t smoke, he would be healthier. | यदि वह धूम्रपान नहीं करता, तो स्वस्थ होता। | |
| If we didn’t have exams, we would relax. | यदि हमारी परीक्षाएँ नहीं होतीं, तो हम आराम करते। | |
| Negative Result | If I had money, I wouldn’t waste it. | यदि मेरे पास पैसे होते, तो मैं उन्हें बर्बाद नहीं करता। |
| If she were here, she wouldn’t ignore us. | यदि वह यहाँ होती, तो वह हमें अनदेखा नहीं करती। | |
| If he knew the truth, he wouldn’t be angry. | यदि वह सच जानता, तो वह गुस्सा नहीं होता। | |
| If we had time, we wouldn’t hurry. | यदि हमारे पास समय होता, तो हम जल्दी नहीं करते। |
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No Questions | Would you help me if I asked? | यदि मैं पूछूँ तो क्या तुम मेरी मदद करोगे? |
| Would she come if we invited her? | यदि हम उसे बुलाएँ तो क्या वह आएगी? | |
| Could you solve this problem if you tried? | यदि तुम कोशिश करो तो क्या यह समस्या हल कर सकते हो? | |
| Would they accept if we offered? | यदि हम प्रस्ताव दें तो क्या वे स्वीकार करेंगे? | |
| WH- Questions | What would you do if you won the lottery? | यदि तुम लॉटरी जीत जाओ तो क्या करोगे? |
| Where would you go if you had a car? | यदि तुम्हारे पास कार हो तो कहाँ जाओगे? | |
| How would you feel if you lost your job? | यदि तुम्हारी नौकरी चली जाए तो कैसा महसूस करोगे? | |
| Who would you call if you were in trouble? | यदि तुम मुसीबत में हो तो किसे फोन करोगे? |
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| I wish I had a million dollars. | काश मेरे पास दस लाख डॉलर होते। |
| I wish I were taller. | काश मैं लंबा होता। |
| I wish she were here. | काश वह यहाँ होती। |
| I wish I knew the answer. | काश मुझे जवाब पता होता। |
| I wish we had a car. | काश हमारे पास कार होती। |
| I wish I could fly. | काश मैं उड़ सकता। |
| I wish he would call me. | काश वह मुझे फोन करता। |
| I wish they would invite us. | काश वे हमें बुलाते। |
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Zero Conditional | If you heat ice, it melts. (Always true) | यदि बर्फ गर्म करो, तो पिघलती है। (हमेशा सत्य) |
| First Conditional | If it rains tomorrow, we will stay home. (Possible) | यदि कल बारिश हुई, तो हम घर रहेंगे। (संभावित) |
| Second Conditional | If I had wings, I would fly. (Imaginary) | यदि मेरे पंख होते, तो मैं उड़ता। (काल्पनिक) |
| Third Conditional | If I had studied, I would have passed. (Past regret) | यदि मैंने पढ़ाई की होती, तो पास हो जाता। (भूतकाल का पछतावा) |
If I were you, I would… यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता, तो…
If I had the chance, I would… यदि मुझे मौका मिलता, तो…
If money grew on trees… यदि पेड़ों पर पैसे उगते…
If pigs could fly… यदि सूअर उड़ सकते… (असंभव)
If I could turn back time… यदि मैं समय पलट सकता…
If wishes were horses… यदि इच्छाएँ घोड़े होतीं… (कहावत)
| Type | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | If + Past Simple, would + V1 | If I had money, I would buy a car. |
| Negative (Condition) | If + didn’t + V1, would + V1 | If I didn’t have work, I would come. |
| Negative (Result) | If + Past Simple, wouldn’t + V1 | If I had money, I wouldn’t waste it. |
| With ‘Were’ | If + subject + were… | If I were you, I would go. |
| With Modals | If + Past Simple, could/might + V1 | If I tried, I could succeed. |
| Question | Would + subject + V1 + if + Past Simple? | Would you help if I asked? |
| Subject | Formal (Correct) | Informal (Common) | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| I | If I were rich… | If I was rich… | यदि मैं अमीर होता… |
| He | If he were here… | If he was here… | यदि वह यहाँ होता… |
| She | If she were ready… | If she was ready… | यदि वह तैयार होती… |
| It | If it were possible… | If it was possible… | यदि यह संभव होता… |
| You | If you were brave… | If you were brave… | यदि तुम बहादुर होते… |
| We | If we were free… | If we were free… | यदि हम खाली होते… |
| They | If they were here… | If they were here… | यदि वे यहाँ होते… |
| # | Rule | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Past Tense in If-Clause | If + Past Simple (यदि + भूतकाल) – BUT it refers to present/future |
| 2 | Would + V1 in Main Clause | would + V1 (करता/करते) |
| 3 | Imaginary Situations | Not real – hypothetical (काल्पनिक – वास्तविक नहीं) |
| 4 | Use ‘Were’ Formally | If I were, If he were (सभी कर्ताओं के साथ were का प्रयोग) |
| 5 | No ‘Would’ in If-Clause | ❌ If I would have → ✅ If I had |
| 6 | Low Probability | 10-20% chance of happening (कम संभावना) |
| Category | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Advice | If I were you, I would apologize. | यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता, तो माफी माँग लेता। |
| If I were you, I would study harder. | यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता, तो और मेहनत से पढ़ता। | |
| If I were you, I would take that job. | यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता, तो वह नौकरी ले लेता। | |
| Impossible Dreams | If I could fly, I would visit the moon. | यदि मैं उड़ सकता, तो चाँद पर जाता। |
| If I were invisible, I would spy on everyone. | यदि मैं अदृश्य होता, तो सबकी जासूसी करता। | |
| If I could read minds, I would know the truth. | यदि मैं मन पढ़ सकता, तो सच जान लेता। | |
| Changes in Life | If I had more time, I would learn guitar. | यदि मेरे पास अधिक समय होता, तो गिटार सीखता। |
| If she had a degree, she would get a better job. | यदि उसके पास डिग्री होती, तो उसे अच्छी नौकरी मिलती। | |
| If we lived in a village, we would have peace. | यदि हम गाँव में रहते, तो शांति मिलती। |
| Use | Formula | Example | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imaginary Present | If + Past, would + V1 | If I had wings, I would fly. | यदि पंख होते, तो उड़ता। |
| Unlikely Future | If + Past, would + V1 | If it stopped raining, we would go out. | यदि बारिश रुके, तो बाहर जाएँ। |
| Advice | If I were you… | If I were you, I would go. | यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता… |
| Wish | If only + Past | If only I were rich! | काश मैं अमीर होता! |
| Hypothetical | If + Past, could/might | If I tried, I could win. | यदि कोशिश करूँ, तो जीत सकता हूँ। |
Key Formula Reminder:
If + Past Simple → would + V1
Example: If I had money, I would buy a car.
Hindi: यदि मेरे पास पैसे होते, तो मैं कार खरीदता।
Used for imaginary situations in the past – things that did NOT happen. We imagine the opposite of what actually occurred, often expressing regret or criticism.
| Part | Structure | Example |
|---|---|---|
| If-Clause | If + Past Perfect (had + V3) | If I had studied harder |
| Main Clause | would have + V3 (past participle) | I would have passed the exam. |
Complete Formula: If + Past Perfect, would have + V3
| Rule No. | Rule Description | Example |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Used for past situations that didn’t happen (भूतकाल की अवास्तविक स्थितियाँ) | If I had seen him, I would have told him. (मैंने उसे नहीं देखा था) |
| 2 | If-clause: Past Perfect; Main clause: would have + V3 | If she had come, we would have waited. |
| 3 | Shows regret (पछतावा) or criticism (आलोचना) | If you had listened, you wouldn’t have failed. |
| 4 | Can use could have/might have in main clause | If he had tried, he could have won. |
Situations from the past that we wish had been different
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If I had studied harder, I would have passed the exam. | यदि मैंने और मेहनत से पढ़ाई की होती, तो परीक्षा पास कर लेता। (पर मैंने नहीं की) |
| If she had taken the medicine, she would have recovered. | यदि उसने दवा ली होती, तो वह ठीक हो जाती। |
| If we had left earlier, we would have caught the train. | यदि हम जल्दी निकले होते, तो ट्रेन पकड़ लेते। |
| If he had apologized, she would have forgiven him. | यदि उसने माफी माँग ली होती, तो वह उसे माफ कर देती। |
| If I had listened to my mother, I wouldn’t have married her. | यदि मैंने माँ की बात सुनी होती, तो उससे शादी नहीं करता। |
| If we had saved money, we would have bought a house. | यदि हमने पैसे बचाए होते, तो घर खरीद लेते। |
| If she had told me the truth, I would have helped her. | यदि उसने मुझे सच बताया होता, तो मैं उसकी मदद करता। |
| If he had driven carefully, he wouldn’t have met with an accident. | यदि वह सावधानी से गाड़ी चलाता, तो दुर्घटना का शिकार नहीं होता। |
Pointing out mistakes or wrong decisions from the past
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If you had listened to me, you wouldn’t have made that mistake. | यदि तुमने मेरी बात सुनी होती, तो वह गलती नहीं करते। |
| If they had been careful, the accident wouldn’t have happened. | यदि वे सावधान होते, तो दुर्घटना नहीं होती। |
| If you had followed the rules, you wouldn’t have been punished. | यदि तुमने नियमों का पालन किया होता, तो दंडित नहीं होते। |
| If he had saved money, he wouldn’t be in debt now. | यदि उसने पैसे बचाए होते, तो अब कर्ज में नहीं होता। |
| If she had been honest, she wouldn’t have lost her job. | यदि वह ईमानदार होती, तो नौकरी नहीं खोती। |
| If you had checked the document, there wouldn’t have been errors. | यदि तुमने दस्तावेज़ जाँचा होता, तो गलतियाँ नहीं होतीं। |
| If they had invited us, we would have attended the wedding. | यदि उन्होंने हमें आमंत्रित किया होता, तो हम शादी में शामिल होते। |
| If he had treated her well, she wouldn’t have left him. | यदि वह उसके साथ अच्छा व्यवहार करता, तो वह उसे नहीं छोड़ती। |
Chances that were not taken in the past
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If I had known you were coming, I would have baked a cake. | यदि मुझे पता होता कि तुम आ रहे हो, तो केक बना लेता। |
| If he had applied for the job, he might have got it. | यदि उसने नौकरी के लिए आवेदन किया होता, तो शायद उसे मिल जाती। |
| If we had booked tickets earlier, we would have got a discount. | यदि हमने पहले टिकट बुक किए होते, तो छूट मिल जाती। |
| If I had learned French, I would have worked in Paris. | यदि मैंने फ्रेंच सीखी होती, तो पेरिस में काम कर लेता। |
| If she had come to the party, she would have met her favorite singer. | यदि वह पार्टी में आई होती, तो अपने पसंदीदा गायक से मिलती। |
| If they had invested in that company, they would have become millionaires. | यदि उन्होंने उस कंपनी में निवेश किया होता, तो करोड़पति बन जाते। |
| If I had taken that scholarship, I would have studied abroad. | यदि मैंने वह छात्रवृत्ति ली होती, तो विदेश में पढ़ाई कर लेता। |
| If he had proposed to her, she would have said yes. | यदि उसने उसे प्रपोज़ किया होता, तो वह हाँ कह देती। |
Imagining how things could have been different
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If I had been born in America, I would have spoken English as my mother tongue. | यदि मैं अमेरिका में पैदा हुआ होता, तो अंग्रेजी मेरी मातृभाषा होती। |
| If she had become a doctor, she would have saved many lives. | यदि वह डॉक्टर बन गई होती, तो कई जिंदगियाँ बचा लेती। |
| If he had been taller, he would have played basketball professionally. | यदि वह लंबा होता, तो पेशेवर बास्केटबॉल खेलता। |
| If we had lived in the 18th century, we wouldn’t have had electricity. | यदि हम 18वीं सदी में रहते, तो हमारे पास बिजली नहीं होती। |
| If I had met you earlier, my life would have been different. | यदि मैं तुमसे पहले मिला होता, तो मेरी जिंदगी अलग होती। |
| If she had been my sister, I would have protected her. | यदि वह मेरी बहन होती, तो मैं उसकी रक्षा करता। |
| If they had won the match, they would have celebrated all night. | यदि वे मैच जीत गए होते, तो रात भर जश्न मनाते। |
| If he had been the king, he would have been a just ruler. | यदि वह राजा होता, तो न्यायप्रिय शासक होता। |
| Modal | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| could have | If I had saved money, I could have traveled the world. | यदि मैंने पैसे बचाए होते, तो दुनिया घूम सकता था। |
| might have | If she had asked me, I might have helped her. | यदि उसने मुझसे पूछा होता, तो शायद मैं उसकी मदद कर देता। |
| should have | If you had known the truth, you should have spoken up. | यदि तुम सच जानते, तो तुम्हें बोलना चाहिए था। |
| could have | If we had left earlier, we could have avoided the traffic. | यदि हम जल्दी निकले होते, तो ट्रैफिक से बच सकते थे। |
| might have | If he had trained harder, he might have won the gold. | यदि उसने और अभ्यास किया होता, तो शायद स्वर्ण पदक जीत लेता। |
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Negative Condition | If I hadn’t overslept, I wouldn’t have missed the bus. | यदि मैं देर से नहीं सोया होता, तो बस नहीं छूटती। |
| If she hadn’t helped me, I would have failed. | यदि उसने मेरी मदद नहीं की होती, तो मैं फेल हो जाता। | |
| If we hadn’t taken a taxi, we would have been late. | यदि हमने टैक्सी नहीं ली होती, तो देर हो जाती। | |
| Negative Result | If I had seen him, I wouldn’t have ignored him. | यदि मैंने उसे देखा होता, तो अनदेखा नहीं करता। |
| If she had known, she wouldn’t have come. | यदि उसे पता होता, तो वह नहीं आती। | |
| If they had warned us, we wouldn’t have gone there. | यदि उन्होंने चेताया होता, तो हम वहाँ नहीं जाते। |
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Yes/No Question | Would you have helped me if I had asked? | यदि मैंने पूछा होता तो क्या तुम मेरी मदद करते? |
| Would she have married him if he had been rich? | यदि वह अमीर होता तो क्या वह उससे शादी करती? | |
| Would they have come if we had invited them? | यदि हमने उन्हें बुलाया होता तो क्या वे आते? | |
| WH- Question | What would you have done if you had lost your job? | यदि तुम्हारी नौकरी चली जाती तो तुम क्या करते? |
| Where would you have gone if you had won the lottery? | यदि तुम लॉटरी जीत जाते तो कहाँ जाते? | |
| Why would she have left if she loved him? | यदि वह उससे प्यार करती तो क्यों छोड़कर जाती? |
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| First Conditional | If I study, I will pass. (Future possible) | यदि मैं पढ़ूँगा, तो पास हो जाऊँगा। |
| Second Conditional | If I studied, I would pass. (Imaginary present) | यदि मैं पढ़ता, तो पास हो जाता। (पर नहीं पढ़ता) |
| Third Conditional | If I had studied, I would have passed. (Past regret) | यदि मैंने पढ़ाई की होती, तो पास हो जाता। (नहीं की) |
| English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| If only I had listened to my parents! | काश मैंने अपने माता-पिता की बात सुनी होती! |
| I wish I had never met him. | काश मैं उससे कभी न मिला होता। |
| If it hadn’t been for your help, I would be dead. | यदि तुम्हारी मदद न होती, तो मैं मर गया होता। |
| Things would have been different if we had known. | यदि हमें पता होता तो चीज़ें अलग होतीं। |
| She would have been a doctor if she hadn’t married young. | यदि वह कम उम्र में शादी न करती तो डॉक्टर बन जाती। |
| We would have bought that house if it had been cheaper. | यदि वह सस्ता होता तो हम वह घर खरीद लेते। |
| Type | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Affirmative | If + had + V3, would have + V3 | If I had seen him, I would have told him. |
| Negative (Condition) | If + hadn’t + V3, would have + V3 | If I hadn’t seen him, I wouldn’t have known. |
| Negative (Result) | If + had + V3, wouldn’t have + V3 | If I had seen him, I wouldn’t have ignored him. |
| Question | Would + subject + have + V3 + if + had + V3? | Would you have helped if I had asked? |
| Inversion | Had + subject + V3, would have + V3 | Had I known, I would have come. |
| # | Rule | Explanation |
|---|---|---|
| 1 | Past Perfect in If-Clause | If + had + V3 (यदि + किया होता) |
| 2 | Would Have + V3 in Main Clause | would have + किया (कर देता/कर लेता) |
| 3 | 100% Past | All actions are in the past and cannot be changed |
| 4 | Regret/Criticism | Used to express पछतावा or आलोचना |
| 5 | Alternative to ‘If’ | Had + subject + V3 (Had I known…) |
Mixed conditionals combine different times: the if-clause is in one time (past) and the main clause is in another time (present/future).
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Usage | A past action affects the present situation (भूतकाल की घटना का वर्तमान पर प्रभाव) |
| If-Clause | If + Past Perfect (had + V3) – PAST |
| Main Clause | would + V1 (base verb) – PRESENT |
| Example | If I had taken that job, I would be rich now. |
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Usage | A general truth affecting a past action (सामान्य सत्य का भूतकाल पर प्रभाव) |
| If-Clause | If + Past Simple – PRESENT |
| Main Clause | would have + V3 – PAST |
| Example | If I were more confident, I would have spoken up. |
| Type | Formula | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Type A (Past → Present) | If + Past Perfect, would + V1 | If I had studied medicine, I would be a doctor now. |
| Type B (Present → Past) | If + Past Simple, would have + V3 | If I spoke French, I would have understood the movie. |
| Type | English Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|---|
| Past → Present | ||
| If I had taken that job, I would be rich now. | यदि मैंने वह नौकरी ली होती, तो अब अमीर होता। | |
| If she had married him, she would be unhappy today. | यदि उसने उससे शादी की होती, तो आज दुखी होती। | |
| If we had left earlier, we wouldn’t be stuck in traffic now. | यदि हम जल्दी निकले होते, तो अब ट्रैफिक में नहीं फंसे होते। | |
| If he hadn’t missed the bus, he wouldn’t be walking now. | यदि उसने बस नहीं छोड़ी होती, तो अब पैदल नहीं चल रहा होता। | |
| Present → Past | ||
| If I were more confident, I would have asked her out. | यदि मैं अधिक आत्मविश्वासी होता, तो उसे डेट पर चलने को कहता। | |
| If she didn’t fear flying, she would have visited us in USA. | यदि उसे उड़ने से डर नहीं लगता, तो वह अमेरिका हमसे मिलने आ जाती। | |
| If he were honest, he would have told the truth. | यदि वह ईमानदार होता, तो सच बता देता। |
| Conditional | If-Clause (शर्त) | Main Clause (परिणाम) | Usage (प्रयोग) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Zero | If + Present Simple | Present Simple | General Truths (सामान्य सत्य) |
| First | If + Present Simple | will + V1 | Real Future (संभावित भविष्य) |
| Second | If + Past Simple | would + V1 | Imaginary Present (काल्पनिक वर्तमान) |
| Third | If + Past Perfect | would have + V3 | Imaginary Past (काल्पनिक भूतकाल) |
| Mixed (Past→Present) | If + Past Perfect | would + V1 | Past affecting Present |
| Mixed (Present→Past) | If + Past Simple | would have + V3 | Present affecting Past |
| Modal | Usage | Example | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| can | Ability/Permission | If you finish early, you can leave. | यदि जल्दी खत्म करो, तो जा सकते हो। |
| may | Permission | If you need help, you may call me. | यदि मदद चाहिए, तो कॉल कर सकते हो। |
| might | Possibility | If it’s sunny, we might go swimming. | यदि धूप हुई, तो शायद तैरने जाएँ। |
| should | Advice | If you feel pain, you should see a doctor. | यदि दर्द हो, तो डॉक्टर को दिखाओ। |
| Modal | Usage | Example | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| could | Ability/Possibility | If I had wings, I could fly. | यदि पंख होते, तो उड़ सकता था। |
| might | Possibility | If she asked, he might help. | यदि वह पूछती, तो शायद वह मदद करता। |
| Modal | Usage | Example | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| could have | Past ability | If he had tried, he could have won. | यदि उसने कोशिश की होती, तो जीत सकता था। |
| might have | Past possibility | If she had called, I might have come. | यदि उसने फोन किया होता, तो शायद मैं आ जाता। |
In formal English, we can omit ‘if’ and invert the subject and verb.
| Type | Normal Form | Inverted Form |
|---|---|---|
| First Conditional | If + Present Simple | Should + Subject + V1 |
| Second Conditional | If + Past Simple (were) | Were + Subject + to V1 / Were + Subject |
| Third Conditional | If + Past Perfect | Had + Subject + V3 |
| Type | Normal Sentence | Inverted Sentence | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| First | If you need help, call me. | Should you need help, call me. | यदि मदद चाहिए तो मुझे बुलाओ। |
| Second | If I were you, I would go. | Were I you, I would go. | यदि मैं तुम्हारी जगह होता, तो जाता। |
| Second | If he came early, we could start. | Were he to come early, we could start. | यदि वह जल्दी आता, तो हम शुरू कर सकते थे। |
| Third | If I had known, I would have told you. | Had I known, I would have told you. | यदि मुझे पता होता, तो तुम्हें बता देता। |
| Mistake Type | Incorrect Sentence | Correct Sentence | Hindi Explanation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Using ‘will’ in if-clause | If you will come, we will go. | If you come, we will go. | If-clause में will का प्रयोग नहीं करते। |
| Wrong tense in Third | If I saw him, I would have told. | If I had seen him, I would have told. | Third conditional में Past Perfect चाहिए। |
| Missing ‘have’ in Third | If I had seen, I would told. | If I had seen, I would have told. | would के बाद have + V3 आवश्यक है। |
| Using ‘was’ instead of ‘were’ | If I was you… | If I were you… | काल्पनिक स्थितियों में ‘were’ का प्रयोग करें। |
| Mixing First and Second | If I will have money, I would buy. | If I have money, I will buy. (First) If I had money, I would buy. (Second) |
दोनों को मिक्स न करें। |
| Wrong word order | I would buy if I had money a car. | If I had money, I would buy a car. | सही क्रम: If-clause पहले या बाद में, पर सही। |
| Connector | Meaning | Example | Hindi |
|---|---|---|---|
| Unless | If not (यदि नहीं) | You will fail unless you study. | यदि तुम नहीं पढ़ोगे तो फेल हो जाओगे। |
| Provided (that) | On condition that (बशर्ते कि) | You can go provided that you finish work. | जा सकते हो बशर्ते काम खत्म करो। |
| As long as | On condition that (जब तक कि) | You can stay as long as you are quiet. | रह सकते हो जब तक चुप रहो। |
| Even if | Despite the condition (भले ही) | I will go even if it rains. | मैं जाऊँगा भले ही बारिश हो। |
| In case | Because of a possibility (यदि ऐसा हो) | Take an umbrella in case it rains. | छाता ले लो यदि बारिश हो जाए। |
| Sentence | Hindi Translation |
|---|---|
| You will not pass unless you work hard. | तुम पास नहीं होगे जब तक कि मेहनत न करो। |
| Provided that you apologize, I will forgive you. | बशर्ते तुम माफी माँग लो, मैं माफ कर दूँगा। |
| You can borrow my car as long as you drive carefully. | मेरी कार ले सकते हो जब तक ध्यान से चलाओ। |
| I will love you even if you are poor. | मैं तुमसे प्यार करूँगा भले ही तुम गरीब हो। |
| Buy some food in case guests come. | कुछ खाना खरीद लो यदि मेहमान आ जाएँ। |
| Feature | Zero | First | Second | Third |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Time Reference | Any time (हमेशा) | Future (भविष्य) | Present/Future (वर्तमान/भविष्य) | Past (भूतकाल) |
| Reality | Always true (हमेशा सत्य) | Possible (संभव) | Unlikely/Imaginary (असंभावित/काल्पनिक) | Impossible (असंभव) |
| If-Clause Tense | Present Simple | Present Simple | Past Simple | Past Perfect |
| Main Clause Tense | Present Simple | will + V1 | would + V1 | would have + V3 |
| Probability | 100% | 50-90% | 10-20% | 0% |
| Hindi Marker | …ते हैं, तो …ता है | …गा/गी, तो …गा/गी | …ता, तो …ता (पर है नहीं) | …ता था, तो …ता (पर नहीं हुआ) |
Sometimes the condition is not stated with ‘if’ but implied through other structures.
| Structure | Example | Hindi | Implied Condition |
|---|---|---|---|
| Imperative + and | Work hard and you will succeed. | मेहनत करो और सफल होगे। | If you work hard… |
| Imperative + or | Hurry up or you will miss the bus. | जल्दी करो नहीं तो बस छूट जाएगी। | If you don’t hurry… |
| Without + noun | Without water, we cannot live. | पानी के बिना, हम नहीं रह सकते। | If there is no water… |
| But for | But for your help, I would have failed. | तुम्हारी मदद के बिना, मैं फेल हो जाता। | If you hadn’t helped… |
| Otherwise | I was busy; otherwise I would have come. | मैं व्यस्त था; नहीं तो आ जाता। | If I hadn’t been busy… |
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐ │ CONDITIONAL CHEAT SHEET │ ├───────────────┬──────────────────────┬─────────────────────────┤ │ TYPE │ IF-CLAUSE │ MAIN CLAUSE │ ├───────────────┼──────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ │ ZERO │ If + Present Simple │ Present Simple │ │ │ If you heat ice │ it melts. │ ├───────────────┼──────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ │ FIRST │ If + Present Simple │ will + V1 │ │ │ If it rains │ we will cancel. │ ├───────────────┼──────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ │ SECOND │ If + Past Simple │ would + V1 │ │ │ If I had money │ I would buy a car. │ ├───────────────┼──────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ │ THIRD │ If + Past Perfect │ would have + V3 │ │ │ If I had studied │ I would have passed. │ ├───────────────┼──────────────────────┼─────────────────────────┤ │ MIXED │ If + Past Perfect │ would + V1 │ │ │ If I had taken job │ I would be rich now. │ └───────────────┴──────────────────────┴─────────────────────────┘ KEY POINTS: ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── ✓ In First Conditional: If + Present, will + V1 ✓ In Second Conditional: If + Past, would + V1 (IMAGINARY) ✓ In Third Conditional: If + Past Perfect, would have + V3 (REGERT) ✓ NEVER use 'will' in the if-clause ✓ Use 'were' for all subjects in Second Conditional (If I were you) ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
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