🔹 A. Tense Wise Types
1. Present Simple
2. Present Continuous
3. Present Perfect
4. Past Simple
5. Past Continuous
6. Past Perfect
7. Future Simple (Will)
8. Future “Going To”
9. Future Perfect
1️⃣ Present Simple
✅ Active Rule:
Subject + V1(s/es) + Object
✅ Passive Rule:
Object + am/is/are + V3 + by + Subject
🔹 Examples (20)
- She writes a letter.
वह एक पत्र लिखती है।
A letter is written by her.
एक पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जाता है। - They play cricket.
वे क्रिकेट खेलते हैं।
Cricket is played by them.
क्रिकेट उनके द्वारा खेला जाता है। - He reads a book.
वह किताब पढ़ता है।
A book is read by him.
किताब उसके द्वारा पढ़ी जाती है। - I clean the room.
मैं कमरा साफ करता हूँ।
The room is cleaned by me.
कमरा मेरे द्वारा साफ किया जाता है। - She sings a song.
वह गीत गाती है।
A song is sung by her.
गीत उसके द्वारा गाया जाता है। - We watch a movie.
हम फिल्म देखते हैं।
A movie is watched by us.
फिल्म हमारे द्वारा देखी जाती है। - He opens the door.
वह दरवाज़ा खोलता है।
The door is opened by him.
दरवाज़ा उसके द्वारा खोला जाता है। - They make cakes.
वे केक बनाते हैं।
Cakes are made by them.
केक उनके द्वारा बनाए जाते हैं। - She teaches English.
वह अंग्रेज़ी पढ़ाती है।
English is taught by her.
अंग्रेज़ी उसके द्वारा पढ़ाई जाती है। - I drive a car.
मैं कार चलाता हूँ।
A car is driven by me.
कार मेरे द्वारा चलाई जाती है। - He writes poems.
वह कविताएँ लिखता है।
Poems are written by him.
कविताएँ उसके द्वारा लिखी जाती हैं। - They sell fruits.
वे फल बेचते हैं।
Fruits are sold by them.
फल उनके द्वारा बेचे जाते हैं। - She washes clothes.
वह कपड़े धोती है।
Clothes are washed by her.
कपड़े उसके द्वारा धोए जाते हैं। - We build houses.
हम घर बनाते हैं।
Houses are built by us.
घर हमारे द्वारा बनाए जाते हैं। - He repairs bikes.
वह बाइक ठीक करता है।
Bikes are repaired by him.
बाइक उसके द्वारा ठीक की जाती हैं। - I answer questions.
मैं प्रश्नों का उत्तर देता हूँ।
Questions are answered by me.
प्रश्नों के उत्तर मेरे द्वारा दिए जाते हैं। - She buys vegetables.
वह सब्ज़ियाँ खरीदती है।
Vegetables are bought by her.
सब्ज़ियाँ उसके द्वारा खरीदी जाती हैं। - They invite guests.
वे मेहमान बुलाते हैं।
Guests are invited by them.
मेहमान उनके द्वारा बुलाए जाते हैं। - He draws pictures.
वह चित्र बनाता है।
Pictures are drawn by him.
चित्र उसके द्वारा बनाए जाते हैं। - We cook food.
हम खाना पकाते हैं।
Food is cooked by us.
खाना हमारे द्वारा पकाया जाता है।
2️⃣ Present Continuous
✅ Active:
Subject + am/is/are + V1+ing + Object
✅ Passive:
Object + am/is/are + being + V3 + by + Subject
🔹 20 Examples
- She is writing a letter.
वह पत्र लिख रही है।
A letter is being written by her.
पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जा रहा है। - They are playing cricket.
वे क्रिकेट खेल रहे हैं।
Cricket is being played by them.
क्रिकेट उनके द्वारा खेला जा रहा है। - He is reading a book.
वह किताब पढ़ रहा है।
A book is being read by him.
किताब उसके द्वारा पढ़ी जा रही है। - I am cleaning the room.
मैं कमरा साफ कर रहा हूँ।
The room is being cleaned by me.
कमरा मेरे द्वारा साफ किया जा रहा है। - She is singing a song.
वह गीत गा रही है।
A song is being sung by her.
गीत उसके द्वारा गाया जा रहा है।
We are watching a movie.
हम एक फिल्म देख रहे हैं।
A movie is being watched by us.
एक फिल्म हमारे द्वारा देखी जा रही है।He is opening the door.
वह दरवाज़ा खोल रहा है।
The door is being opened by him.
दरवाज़ा उसके द्वारा खोला जा रहा है।They are making cakes.
वे केक बना रहे हैं।
Cakes are being made by them.
केक उनके द्वारा बनाए जा रहे हैं।She is teaching English.
वह अंग्रेज़ी पढ़ा रही है।
English is being taught by her.
अंग्रेज़ी उसके द्वारा पढ़ाई जा रही है।I am driving a car.
मैं कार चला रहा हूँ।
A car is being driven by me.
कार मेरे द्वारा चलाई जा रही है।He is writing poems.
वह कविताएँ लिख रहा है।
Poems are being written by him.
कविताएँ उसके द्वारा लिखी जा रही हैं।They are selling fruits.
वे फल बेच रहे हैं।
Fruits are being sold by them.
फल उनके द्वारा बेचे जा रहे हैं।She is washing clothes.
वह कपड़े धो रही है।
Clothes are being washed by her.
कपड़े उसके द्वारा धोए जा रहे हैं।We are building houses.
हम घर बना रहे हैं।
Houses are being built by us.
घर हमारे द्वारा बनाए जा रहे हैं।He is repairing bikes.
वह बाइक ठीक कर रहा है।
Bikes are being repaired by him.
बाइक उसके द्वारा ठीक की जा रही हैं।I am answering questions.
मैं प्रश्नों का उत्तर दे रहा हूँ।
Questions are being answered by me.
प्रश्नों के उत्तर मेरे द्वारा दिए जा रहे हैं।She is buying vegetables.
वह सब्ज़ियाँ खरीद रही है।
Vegetables are being bought by her.
सब्ज़ियाँ उसके द्वारा खरीदी जा रही हैं।They are inviting guests.
वे मेहमान बुला रहे हैं।
Guests are being invited by them.
मेहमान उनके द्वारा बुलाए जा रहे हैं।He is drawing pictures.
वह चित्र बना रहा है।
Pictures are being drawn by him.
चित्र उसके द्वारा बनाए जा रहे हैं।We are cooking food.
हम खाना पका रहे हैं।
Food is being cooked by us.
खाना हमारे द्वारा पकाया जा रहा है।
✅ 3️⃣ Present Perfect Tense
🔹 Rule:
Active: S + has/have + V3 + O
Passive: O + has/have + been + V3 + by + S
She has completed the work.
➜ The work has been completed by her.
(उसने काम पूरा कर दिया है।)
They have finished the project.
➜ The project has been finished by them.
(उन्होंने परियोजना पूरी कर दी है।)
I have written the letter.
➜ The letter has been written by me.
(मैंने पत्र लिख दिया है।)
He has cleaned the room.
➜ The room has been cleaned by him.
(उसने कमरा साफ कर दिया है।)
We have solved the problem.
➜ The problem has been solved by us.
(हमने समस्या हल कर दी है।)
She has prepared the report.
➜ The report has been prepared by her.
(उसने रिपोर्ट तैयार कर दी है।)
They have built the house.
➜ The house has been built by them.
(उन्होंने घर बना दिया है।)
I have paid the fees.
➜ The fees have been paid by me.
(मैंने फीस जमा कर दी है।)
He has opened the door.
➜ The door has been opened by him.
(उसने दरवाज़ा खोल दिया है।)
We have watched the movie.
➜ The movie has been watched by us.
(हमने फिल्म देख ली है।)
✅ 4️⃣ Past Simple
🔹 Rule:
Active: S + V2 + O
Passive: O + was/were + V3 + by + S
She completed the work.
➜ The work was completed by her.
(उसने काम पूरा किया।)
They built the house.
➜ The house was built by them.
(उन्होंने घर बनाया।)
I wrote the letter.
➜ The letter was written by me.
(मैंने पत्र लिखा।)
He cleaned the room.
➜ The room was cleaned by him.
(उसने कमरा साफ किया।)
We solved the problem.
➜ The problem was solved by us.
(हमने समस्या हल की।)
She prepared the report.
➜ The report was prepared by her.
(उसने रिपोर्ट तैयार की।)
They won the match.
➜ The match was won by them.
(उन्होंने मैच जीता।)
I paid the fees.
➜ The fees were paid by me.
(मैंने फीस दी।)
He opened the door.
➜ The door was opened by him.
(उसने दरवाज़ा खोला।)
We watched the movie.
➜ The movie was watched by us.
(हमने फिल्म देखी।)
✅ 5️⃣ Past Continuous
🔹 Rule:
Active: S + was/were + V-ing + O
Passive: O + was/were + being + V3 + by + S
She was writing the letter.
➜ The letter was being written by her.
(वह पत्र लिख रही थी।)
They were building the house.
➜ The house was being built by them.
(वे घर बना रहे थे।)
He was cleaning the room.
➜ The room was being cleaned by him.
(वह कमरा साफ कर रहा था।)
We were solving the problem.
➜ The problem was being solved by us.
(हम समस्या हल कर रहे थे।)
She was preparing the report.
➜ The report was being prepared by her.
(वह रिपोर्ट तैयार कर रही थी।)
They were watching the match.
➜ The match was being watched by them.
(वे मैच देख रहे थे।)
I was paying the fees.
➜ The fees were being paid by me.
(मैं फीस जमा कर रहा था।)
He was opening the door.
➜ The door was being opened by him.
(वह दरवाज़ा खोल रहा था।)
We were decorating the hall.
➜ The hall was being decorated by us.
(हम हॉल सजा रहे थे।)
She was teaching the students.
➜ The students were being taught by her.
(वह छात्रों को पढ़ा रही थी।)
🔹 B. Modal Based Passive
10. Can
11. Could
12. May
13. Might
14. Shall
15. Should
16. Will (Modal Use)
17. Would
18. Must
19. Ought to
20. Need (Modal)
21. Dare (Modal)
22. Used to
✅ 1️⃣ CAN (Passive)
🔹 Rule:
Active: S + can + V1 + O
Passive: O + can + be + V3 + by + S
1. She can solve the problem.
➜ The problem can be solved by her.
(समस्या उसके द्वारा हल की जा सकती है।)
2. They can finish the work.
➜ The work can be finished by them.
(काम उनके द्वारा पूरा किया जा सकता है।)
3. He can drive the car.
➜ The car can be driven by him.
(गाड़ी उसके द्वारा चलाई जा सकती है।)
4. We can win the match.
➜ The match can be won by us.
(मैच हमारे द्वारा जीता जा सकता है।)
5. I can complete the task.
➜ The task can be completed by me.
(कार्य मेरे द्वारा पूरा किया जा सकता है।)
6. The teacher can explain the lesson.
➜ The lesson can be explained by the teacher.
(पाठ शिक्षक द्वारा समझाया जा सकता है।)
7. She can sing the song.
➜ The song can be sung by her.
(गाना उसके द्वारा गाया जा सकता है।)
8. They can repair the machine.
➜ The machine can be repaired by them.
(मशीन उनके द्वारा ठीक की जा सकती है।)
9. The doctor can treat the patient.
➜ The patient can be treated by the doctor.
(मरीज का इलाज डॉक्टर द्वारा किया जा सकता है।)
10. The company can launch the product.
➜ The product can be launched by the company.
(उत्पाद कंपनी द्वारा लॉन्च किया जा सकता है।)
✅ 2️⃣ COULD (Passive)
🔹 Rule:
O + could + be + V3
1. She could solve the puzzle.
➜ The puzzle could be solved by her.
(पहेली उसके द्वारा हल की जा सकती थी।)
2. They could lift the box.
➜ The box could be lifted by them.
(डिब्बा उनके द्वारा उठाया जा सकता था।)
3. He could answer the question.
➜ The question could be answered by him.
(प्रश्न का उत्तर उसके द्वारा दिया जा सकता था।)
4. We could complete the project.
➜ The project could be completed by us.
(परियोजना हमारे द्वारा पूरी की जा सकती थी।)
5. I could write the letter.
➜ The letter could be written by me.
(पत्र मेरे द्वारा लिखा जा सकता था।)
6. She could open the door.
➜ The door could be opened by her.
(दरवाज़ा उसके द्वारा खोला जा सकता था।)
7. They could win the game.
➜ The game could be won by them.
(खेल उनके द्वारा जीता जा सकता था।)
8. He could repair the bike.
➜ The bike could be repaired by him.
(बाइक उसके द्वारा ठीक की जा सकती थी।)
9. The police could catch the thief.
➜ The thief could be caught by the police.
(चोर पुलिस द्वारा पकड़ा जा सकता था।)
10. She could bake a cake.
➜ A cake could be baked by her.
(केक उसके द्वारा बनाया जा सकता था।)
✅ 3️⃣ MAY (Passive)
🔹 Rule:
O + may + be + V3
1. She may invite you.
➜ You may be invited by her.
(आपको उसके द्वारा बुलाया जा सकता है।)
2. They may cancel the meeting.
➜ The meeting may be cancelled by them.
(मीटिंग उनके द्वारा रद्द की जा सकती है।)
3. He may buy the car.
➜ The car may be bought by him.
(गाड़ी उसके द्वारा खरीदी जा सकती है।)
4. We may start the work.
➜ The work may be started by us.
(काम हमारे द्वारा शुरू किया जा सकता है।)
5. The teacher may check the copies.
➜ The copies may be checked by the teacher.
(कॉपियाँ शिक्षक द्वारा जाँची जा सकती हैं।)
6. She may write a letter.
➜ A letter may be written by her.
7. They may solve the issue.
➜ The issue may be solved by them.
8. He may close the shop.
➜ The shop may be closed by him.
9. I may send the message.
➜ The message may be sent by me.
10. The company may announce results.
➜ Results may be announced by the company.
✅ 13️⃣ MIGHT (Passive)
🔹 Rule:
Active: S + might + V1 + O
Passive: O + might + be + V3 + by + S
She might finish the work.
➜ The work might be finished by her.
(काम उसके द्वारा पूरा किया जा सकता है।)
They might open the gate.
➜ The gate might be opened by them.
(गेट उनके द्वारा खोला जा सकता है।)
He might break the glass.
➜ The glass might be broken by him.
(कांच उसके द्वारा तोड़ा जा सकता है।)
We might complete the project.
➜ The project might be completed by us.
(प्रोजेक्ट हमारे द्वारा पूरा किया जा सकता है।)
She might write a letter.
➜ A letter might be written by her.
(पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जा सकता है।)
I might send the message.
➜ The message might be sent by me.
(संदेश मेरे द्वारा भेजा जा सकता है।)
They might build a house.
➜ A house might be built by them.
(घर उनके द्वारा बनाया जा सकता है।)
The police might arrest him.
➜ He might be arrested by the police.
(उसे पुलिस द्वारा गिरफ्तार किया जा सकता है।)
The company might launch a scheme.
➜ A scheme might be launched by the company.
(योजना कंपनी द्वारा शुरू की जा सकती है।)
The teacher might explain the lesson.
➜ The lesson might be explained by the teacher.
(पाठ शिक्षक द्वारा समझाया जा सकता है।)
✅ 14️⃣ SHALL
🔹 Rule:
O + shall + be + V3
We shall complete the work.
➜ The work shall be completed by us.
(काम हमारे द्वारा पूरा किया जाएगा।)
I shall write a letter.
➜ A letter shall be written by me.
(पत्र मेरे द्वारा लिखा जाएगा।)
They shall announce the result.
➜ The result shall be announced by them.
(परिणाम घोषित किया जाएगा।)
He shall follow the rules.
➜ The rules shall be followed by him.
(नियमों का पालन किया जाएगा।)
She shall prepare the report.
➜ The report shall be prepared by her.
(रिपोर्ट तैयार की जाएगी।)
We shall win the match.
➜ The match shall be won by us.
(मैच जीता जाएगा।)
He shall help you.
➜ You shall be helped by him.
(आपकी मदद की जाएगी।)
She shall clean the room.
➜ The room shall be cleaned by her.
(कमरा साफ किया जाएगा।)
They shall organize the event.
➜ The event shall be organized by them.
(कार्यक्रम आयोजित किया जाएगा।)
I shall finish the task.
➜ The task shall be finished by me.
(कार्य पूरा किया जाएगा।)
✅ 15️⃣ SHOULD
🔹 Rule:
O + should + be + V3
You should follow the rules.
➜ The rules should be followed by you.
(नियमों का पालन किया जाना चाहिए।)
They should complete the work.
➜ The work should be completed by them.
(काम पूरा किया जाना चाहिए।)
He should respect elders.
➜ Elders should be respected by him.
(बड़ों का सम्मान किया जाना चाहिए।)
We should plant trees.
➜ Trees should be planted by us.
(पेड़ लगाए जाने चाहिए।)
She should read the book.
➜ The book should be read by her.
(किताब पढ़ी जानी चाहिए।)
Students should obey teachers.
➜ Teachers should be obeyed by students.
(शिक्षकों की आज्ञा मानी जानी चाहिए।)
I should solve the problem.
➜ The problem should be solved by me.
(समस्या हल की जानी चाहिए।)
The doctor should treat the patient.
➜ The patient should be treated by the doctor.
(रोगी का इलाज किया जाना चाहिए।)
They should repair the road.
➜ The road should be repaired by them.
(सड़क की मरम्मत की जानी चाहिए।)
She should finish the homework.
➜ The homework should be finished by her.
(होमवर्क पूरा किया जाना चाहिए।)
✅ 17️⃣ WOULD
🔹 Rule:
Active: S + would + V1 + O
Passive: O + would + be + V3 + by + S
She would help you.
➜ You would be helped by her.
(आपकी मदद की जाती।)
They would complete the work.
➜ The work would be completed by them.
(काम उनके द्वारा पूरा किया जाता।)
He would repair the bike.
➜ The bike would be repaired by him.
(बाइक उसके द्वारा ठीक की जाती।)
We would organize the event.
➜ The event would be organized by us.
(कार्यक्रम हमारे द्वारा आयोजित किया जाता।)
I would write a letter.
➜ A letter would be written by me.
(पत्र मेरे द्वारा लिखा जाता।)
She would clean the room.
➜ The room would be cleaned by her.
(कमरा उसके द्वारा साफ किया जाता।)
They would build a house.
➜ A house would be built by them.
(घर उनके द्वारा बनाया जाता।)
He would teach the students.
➜ The students would be taught by him.
(छात्रों को उसके द्वारा पढ़ाया जाता।)
The company would launch the product.
➜ The product would be launched by the company.
(उत्पाद कंपनी द्वारा लॉन्च किया जाता।)
The police would arrest the thief.
➜ The thief would be arrested by the police.
(चोर को पुलिस द्वारा गिरफ्तार किया जाता।)
✅ 18️⃣ MUST
🔹 Rule:
Active: S + must + V1 + O
Passive: O + must + be + V3 + by + S
You must follow rules.
➜ Rules must be followed by you.
(नियमों का पालन अवश्य किया जाना चाहिए।)
They must complete the work.
➜ The work must be completed by them.
(काम अवश्य पूरा किया जाना चाहिए।)
He must respect elders.
➜ Elders must be respected by him.
(बड़ों का सम्मान अवश्य किया जाना चाहिए।)
We must obey the law.
➜ The law must be obeyed by us.
(कानून का पालन अवश्य किया जाना चाहिए।)
She must finish the homework.
➜ The homework must be finished by her.
(होमवर्क अवश्य पूरा किया जाना चाहिए।)
The doctor must treat the patient.
➜ The patient must be treated by the doctor.
(रोगी का इलाज अवश्य किया जाना चाहिए।)
You must pay the fee.
➜ The fee must be paid by you.
(शुल्क अवश्य जमा किया जाना चाहिए।)
They must repair the road.
➜ The road must be repaired by them.
(सड़क की मरम्मत अवश्य की जानी चाहिए।)
He must learn English.
➜ English must be learned by him.
(अंग्रेज़ी अवश्य सीखी जानी चाहिए।)
We must protect nature.
➜ Nature must be protected by us.
(प्रकृति की रक्षा अवश्य की जानी चाहिए।)
✅ 19️⃣ OUGHT TO
🔹 Rule:
Active: S + ought to + V1 + O
Passive: O + ought to + be + V3 + by + S
You ought to respect elders.
➜ Elders ought to be respected by you.
(बड़ों का सम्मान किया जाना चाहिए।)
They ought to follow rules.
➜ Rules ought to be followed by them.
(नियमों का पालन किया जाना चाहिए।)
He ought to complete the work.
➜ The work ought to be completed by him.
(काम पूरा किया जाना चाहिए।)
We ought to help the poor.
➜ The poor ought to be helped by us.
(गरीबों की मदद की जानी चाहिए।)
She ought to speak the truth.
➜ The truth ought to be spoken by her.
(सच बोला जाना चाहिए।)
You ought to obey your parents.
➜ Your parents ought to be obeyed by you.
(माता-पिता की आज्ञा मानी जानी चाहिए।)
They ought to plant trees.
➜ Trees ought to be planted by them.
(पेड़ लगाए जाने चाहिए।)
He ought to finish the task.
➜ The task ought to be finished by him.
(कार्य पूरा किया जाना चाहिए।)
We ought to save money.
➜ Money ought to be saved by us.
(पैसा बचाया जाना चाहिए।)
She ought to read the book.
➜ The book ought to be read by her.
(किताब पढ़ी जानी चाहिए।)
✅ 20️⃣ NEED (Modal)
🔹 Rule:
Active: S + need to + V1 + O
Passive: O + need(s) to be + V3 + by + S
You need to complete the work.
➜ The work needs to be completed by you.
(काम पूरा किया जाना आवश्यक है।)
They need to repair the car.
➜ The car needs to be repaired by them.
(गाड़ी की मरम्मत की जानी आवश्यक है।)
He needs to finish the task.
➜ The task needs to be finished by him.
(कार्य पूरा किया जाना आवश्यक है।)
We need to clean the room.
➜ The room needs to be cleaned by us.
(कमरा साफ किया जाना आवश्यक है।)
She needs to submit the form.
➜ The form needs to be submitted by her.
(फॉर्म जमा किया जाना आवश्यक है।)
They need to build a bridge.
➜ A bridge needs to be built by them.
(पुल बनाया जाना आवश्यक है।)
You need to pay the fee.
➜ The fee needs to be paid by you.
(शुल्क जमा किया जाना आवश्यक है।)
He needs to learn English.
➜ English needs to be learned by him.
(अंग्रेज़ी सीखी जानी आवश्यक है।)
We need to protect the environment.
➜ The environment needs to be protected by us.
(पर्यावरण की रक्षा की जानी आवश्यक है।)
She needs to write a letter.
➜ A letter needs to be written by her.
(पत्र लिखा जाना आवश्यक है।)
✅ 21️⃣ DARE (Modal)
🔹 Rule:
Active: S + dare + V1 + O
Passive: O + dare + be + V3
No one dare question him.
➜ He dare not be questioned.
(उसे प्रश्न करने की हिम्मत नहीं की जाती।)
No one dare oppose the leader.
➜ The leader dare not be opposed.
(नेता का विरोध करने की हिम्मत नहीं की जाती।)
No one dare challenge the king.
➜ The king dare not be challenged.
(राजा को चुनौती देने की हिम्मत नहीं की जाती।)
No one dare break the rule.
➜ The rule dare not be broken.
(नियम तोड़ने की हिम्मत नहीं की जाती।)
No one dare enter the room.
➜ The room dare not be entered.
(कमरे में प्रवेश करने की हिम्मत नहीं की जाती।)
No one dare disturb her.
➜ She dare not be disturbed.
(उसे परेशान करने की हिम्मत नहीं की जाती।)
No one dare question the judge.
➜ The judge dare not be questioned.
(जज से सवाल करने की हिम्मत नहीं की जाती।)
No one dare criticize him.
➜ He dare not be criticized.
(उसकी आलोचना करने की हिम्मत नहीं की जाती।)
No one dare touch the idol.
➜ The idol dare not be touched.
(मूर्ति को छूने की हिम्मत नहीं की जाती।)
No one dare stop the army.
➜ The army dare not be stopped.
(सेना को रोकने की हिम्मत नहीं की जाती।)
✅ 22️⃣ USED TO
🔹 Rule:
Active: S + used to + V1 + O
Passive: O + used to + be + V3 + by + S
People used to make toys.
➜ Toys used to be made by people.
(खिलौने बनाए जाते थे।)
They used to build houses.
➜ Houses used to be built by them.
(घर बनाए जाते थे।)
She used to cook food.
➜ Food used to be cooked by her.
(खाना बनाया जाता था।)
We used to celebrate festivals.
➜ Festivals used to be celebrated by us.
(त्योहार मनाए जाते थे।)
He used to teach students.
➜ Students used to be taught by him.
(छात्रों को पढ़ाया जाता था।)
The company used to produce cars.
➜ Cars used to be produced by the company.
(कारें बनाई जाती थीं।)
They used to write letters.
➜ Letters used to be written by them.
(पत्र लिखे जाते थे।)
The king used to reward soldiers.
➜ Soldiers used to be rewarded by the king.
(सैनिकों को पुरस्कृत किया जाता था।)
She used to clean the house.
➜ The house used to be cleaned by her.
(घर साफ किया जाता था।)
People used to sing songs.
➜ Songs used to be sung by people.
(गीत गाए जाते थे।)
🔹 C. Sentence Type Based
23. Affirmative Sentences
24. Negative Sentences
25. Interrogative Sentences (Yes/No)
26. Interrogative (Wh- Questions)
27. Double Interrogative
28. Imperative Sentences
29. Exclamatory Sentences
30. Optative Sentences
31. Request Sentences
32. Order/Command Sentences
🔹 D. Special Structures
33. Double Object Sentences
34. Infinitive Structure
35. Gerund Structure
36. Causative (Have/Get)
37. Let Structure
38. Make/Help/See/Watch Structure
39. Believe/Know/Say/Think Structure
40. It is said that Structure
41. There Structure
42. Prepositional Verb Passive
43. By + Agent Omitted Case
44. Reporting Verb Passive
45. Passive with Continuous Modals
46. Passive with Perfect Modals
47. Question Tag Passive
48. Embedded Question Passive
49. Passive in Conditional Sentences
50. Passive in Relative Clauses
✅ 23️⃣ Affirmative Sentences (साधारण सकारात्मक वाक्य)
🔹 Rule (English):
Active: S + V + O
Passive: O + be (according to tense) + V3 + by + S
🔹 नियम (Hindi):
Active वाक्य में Object को Passive में Subject बनाया जाता है और Verb की 3rd form के साथ “be” लगाया जाता है।
🔟 Examples
She writes a letter.
➜ A letter is written by her.
(वह पत्र लिखती है।)
They play cricket.
➜ Cricket is played by them.
(वे क्रिकेट खेलते हैं।)
He cleans the room.
➜ The room is cleaned by him.
(वह कमरा साफ करता है।)
We watch a movie.
➜ A movie is watched by us.
(हम फिल्म देखते हैं।)
The teacher teaches English.
➜ English is taught by the teacher.
(शिक्षक अंग्रेज़ी पढ़ाते हैं।)
She cooked food.
➜ Food was cooked by her.
(उसने खाना बनाया।)
They will finish the work.
➜ The work will be finished by them.
(वे काम पूरा करेंगे।)
He opened the door.
➜ The door was opened by him.
(उसने दरवाज़ा खोला।)
The company launched a product.
➜ A product was launched by the company.
(कंपनी ने उत्पाद लॉन्च किया।)
We planted trees.
➜ Trees were planted by us.
(हमने पेड़ लगाए।)
✅ 24️⃣ Negative Sentences (नकारात्मक वाक्य)
🔹 Rule (English):
Active: S + do/does/did + not + V1 + O
Passive: O + be + not + V3 + by + S
🔹 नियम (Hindi):
Passive में “not” helping verb के बाद लगाया जाता है।
🔟 Examples
She does not write a letter.
➜ A letter is not written by her.
(वह पत्र नहीं लिखती।)
They do not play cricket.
➜ Cricket is not played by them.
(वे क्रिकेट नहीं खेलते।)
He did not clean the room.
➜ The room was not cleaned by him.
(उसने कमरा साफ नहीं किया।)
We will not watch the movie.
➜ The movie will not be watched by us.
(हम फिल्म नहीं देखेंगे।)
She has not completed the work.
➜ The work has not been completed by her.
(उसने काम पूरा नहीं किया है।)
They are not building the house.
➜ The house is not being built by them.
(वे घर नहीं बना रहे हैं।)
He cannot solve the problem.
➜ The problem cannot be solved by him.
(वह समस्या हल नहीं कर सकता।)
We did not win the match.
➜ The match was not won by us.
(हम मैच नहीं जीते।)
The teacher does not check copies.
➜ Copies are not checked by the teacher.
(शिक्षक कॉपियाँ नहीं जांचते।)
She will not prepare the report.
➜ The report will not be prepared by her.
(वह रिपोर्ट तैयार नहीं करेगी।)
✅ 25️⃣ Interrogative Sentences (Yes/No Type)
🔹 Rule (English):
Active: Do/Does/Did + S + V1 + O?
Passive: Is/Are/Was/Were + O + V3 + by + S?
🔹 नियम (Hindi):
Question word की जगह helping verb पहले आती है और फिर Object।
🔟 Examples
Does she write a letter?
➜ Is a letter written by her?
(क्या वह पत्र लिखती है?)
Do they play cricket?
➜ Is cricket played by them?
(क्या वे क्रिकेट खेलते हैं?)
Did he clean the room?
➜ Was the room cleaned by him?
(क्या उसने कमरा साफ किया?)
Will she finish the work?
➜ Will the work be finished by her?
(क्या वह काम पूरा करेगी?)
Has he completed the task?
➜ Has the task been completed by him?
(क्या उसने कार्य पूरा किया है?)
Are they building the house?
➜ Is the house being built by them?
(क्या वे घर बना रहे हैं?)
Can he solve the problem?
➜ Can the problem be solved by him?
(क्या वह समस्या हल कर सकता है?)
Did they win the match?
➜ Was the match won by them?
(क्या वे मैच जीते?)
Does the teacher teach English?
➜ Is English taught by the teacher?
(क्या शिक्षक अंग्रेज़ी पढ़ाते हैं?)
Will you send the message?
➜ Will the message be sent by you?
(क्या आप संदेश भेजेंगे?)
✅ 26️⃣ Interrogative (Wh- Questions)
🔹 Rule (English):
Wh + do/does/did + S + V1 + O?
Passive: Wh + be + O + V3 + by + S?
🔹 नियम (Hindi):
Wh-word पहले रहेगा, उसके बाद helping verb और फिर Object।
🔟 Examples
Why does she write a letter?
➜ Why is a letter written by her?
(वह पत्र क्यों लिखती है?)
When did he open the door?
➜ When was the door opened by him?
(उसने दरवाज़ा कब खोला?)
How did they complete the work?
➜ How was the work completed by them?
(उन्होंने काम कैसे पूरा किया?)
Where will she send the parcel?
➜ Where will the parcel be sent by her?
(वह पार्सल कहाँ भेजेगी?)
Who wrote the letter?
➜ By whom was the letter written?
(पत्र किसके द्वारा लिखा गया?)
What did he break?
➜ What was broken by him?
(उसने क्या तोड़ा?)
Why did they build the house?
➜ Why was the house built by them?
(उन्होंने घर क्यों बनाया?)
When will you finish the task?
➜ When will the task be finished by you?
(आप कार्य कब पूरा करेंगे?)
How does she prepare the report?
➜ How is the report prepared by her?
(वह रिपोर्ट कैसे तैयार करती है?)
Who will complete the work?
➜ By whom will the work be completed?
(काम किसके द्वारा पूरा किया जाएगा?)
✅ 27️⃣ Double Interrogative Sentences
(Wh + Yes/No type combined)
🔹 Rule (English):
Wh + helping verb + S + V1 + O?
Passive: Wh + helping verb + O + be + V3 + by + S?
🔹 नियम (Hindi):
Wh-word पहले रहेगा, फिर helping verb, फिर object को subject बनाकर V3 लगाया जाएगा।
🔟 Examples
Why did she write a letter?
➜ Why was a letter written by her?
(उसने पत्र क्यों लिखा?)
How did he complete the work?
➜ How was the work completed by him?
(उसने काम कैसे पूरा किया?)
When will they finish the project?
➜ When will the project be finished by them?
(वे प्रोजेक्ट कब पूरा करेंगे?)
Where did she send the parcel?
➜ Where was the parcel sent by her?
(उसने पार्सल कहाँ भेजा?)
Why are they building the house?
➜ Why is the house being built by them?
(वे घर क्यों बना रहे हैं?)
How can he solve the problem?
➜ How can the problem be solved by him?
(वह समस्या कैसे हल कर सकता है?)
When did the teacher check copies?
➜ When were copies checked by the teacher?
(शिक्षक ने कॉपियाँ कब जांचीं?)
Why will she prepare the report?
➜ Why will the report be prepared by her?
(वह रिपोर्ट क्यों तैयार करेगी?)
How does he teach English?
➜ How is English taught by him?
(वह अंग्रेज़ी कैसे पढ़ाता है?)
When has she completed the task?
➜ When has the task been completed by her?
(उसने कार्य कब पूरा किया है?)
✅ 28️⃣ Imperative Sentences
(आज्ञा/निर्देश वाले वाक्य)
🔹 Rule (English):
Active: V1 + O
Passive: Let + O + be + V3
🔹 नियम (Hindi):
Imperative में Passive बनाते समय “Let + object + be + V3” प्रयोग होता है।
🔟 Examples
Open the door.
➜ Let the door be opened.
(दरवाज़ा खोला जाए।)
Complete the work.
➜ Let the work be completed.
(काम पूरा किया जाए।)
Clean the room.
➜ Let the room be cleaned.
(कमरा साफ किया जाए।)
Write a letter.
➜ Let a letter be written.
(पत्र लिखा जाए।)
Finish the task.
➜ Let the task be finished.
(कार्य पूरा किया जाए।)
Close the window.
➜ Let the window be closed.
(खिड़की बंद की जाए।)
Submit the form.
➜ Let the form be submitted.
(फॉर्म जमा किया जाए।)
Solve the problem.
➜ Let the problem be solved.
(समस्या हल की जाए।)
Call the doctor.
➜ Let the doctor be called.
(डॉक्टर को बुलाया जाए।)
Help the poor.
➜ Let the poor be helped.
(गरीबों की मदद की जाए।)
✅ 29️⃣ Exclamatory Sentences
(विस्मयादिबोधक वाक्य)
🔹 Rule (English):
What/How + adjective/adverb + S + V!
Passive में सामान्य संरचना बनाकर O + be + V3 किया जाता है, और भाव (exclamation) बनाए रखा जाता है।
🔹 नियम (Hindi):
Object को Subject बनाकर “be + V3” लगाया जाता है और विस्मयादिबोधक भाव (!) रखा जाता है।
🔟 Examples
What a beautiful painting she made!
➜ What a beautiful painting was made by her!
(उसने कितनी सुंदर पेंटिंग बनाई!)
How nicely he wrote the letter!
➜ How nicely the letter was written by him!
(उसने कितनी सुंदर तरीके से पत्र लिखा!)
What a great match they won!
➜ What a great match was won by them!
(उन्होंने कितना शानदार मैच जीता!)
How bravely he fought the battle!
➜ How bravely the battle was fought by him!
(उसने कितनी बहादुरी से युद्ध लड़ा!)
What a song she sang!
➜ What a song was sung by her!
(उसने कितना सुंदर गीत गाया!)
What a report she prepared!
➜ What a report was prepared by her!
(उसने कितनी शानदार रिपोर्ट तैयार की!)
How quickly he solved the problem!
➜ How quickly the problem was solved by him!
(उसने कितनी जल्दी समस्या हल की!)
What a house they built!
➜ What a house was built by them!
(उन्होंने कितना सुंदर घर बनाया!)
How clearly she explained the lesson!
➜ How clearly the lesson was explained by her!
(उसने कितनी स्पष्टता से पाठ समझाया!)
What a prize he won!
➜ What a prize was won by him!
(उसने कितना बड़ा पुरस्कार जीता!)
✅ 30️⃣ Optative Sentences
(इच्छा / आशीर्वाद वाले वाक्य)
🔹 Rule (English):
Active: May + S + V1
Passive: May + O + be + V3
🔹 नियम (Hindi):
“May” के बाद Object को Subject बनाकर “be + V3” लगाया जाता है।
🔟 Examples
May God bless you.
➜ May you be blessed by God.
(भगवान आपको आशीर्वाद दें।)
May you achieve success.
➜ May success be achieved by you.
(आप सफलता प्राप्त करें।)
May he win the match.
➜ May the match be won by him.
(वह मैच जीते।)
May she complete the work.
➜ May the work be completed by her.
(वह काम पूरा करे।)
May they solve the problem.
➜ May the problem be solved by them.
(वे समस्या हल करें।)
May you get the prize.
➜ May the prize be got by you.
(आपको पुरस्कार मिले।)
May he pass the exam.
➜ May the exam be passed by him.
(वह परीक्षा पास करे।)
May she prepare the report.
➜ May the report be prepared by her.
(वह रिपोर्ट तैयार करे।)
May they build the house.
➜ May the house be built by them.
(वे घर बनाएं।)
May you finish the task.
➜ May the task be finished by you.
(आप कार्य पूरा करें।)
✅ 31️⃣ Request Sentences
🔹 Rule (English):
Active: Please + V1 + O
Passive:
You are requested to + V1
या
Let + O + be + V3
🔹 नियम (Hindi):
Request वाले वाक्य में Passive बनाते समय “You are requested to…” प्रयोग होता है।
🔟 Examples
Please open the door.
➜ You are requested to open the door.
(कृपया दरवाज़ा खोलें।)
Please complete the work.
➜ You are requested to complete the work.
(कृपया काम पूरा करें।)
Please submit the form.
➜ You are requested to submit the form.
(कृपया फॉर्म जमा करें।)
Please help the poor.
➜ You are requested to help the poor.
(कृपया गरीबों की मदद करें।)
Please close the window.
➜ You are requested to close the window.
(कृपया खिड़की बंद करें।)
Please send the message.
➜ You are requested to send the message.
(कृपया संदेश भेजें।)
Please follow the rules.
➜ You are requested to follow the rules.
(कृपया नियमों का पालन करें।)
Please call the doctor.
➜ You are requested to call the doctor.
(कृपया डॉक्टर को बुलाएँ।)
Please check the report.
➜ You are requested to check the report.
(कृपया रिपोर्ट जांचें।)
Please clean the room.
➜ You are requested to clean the room.
(कृपया कमरा साफ करें।)
✅ 32️⃣ Order / Command Sentences
🔹 Rule (English):
Passive:
Let + O + be + V3
या
You are ordered to + V1
🔹 नियम (Hindi):
आदेशात्मक वाक्यों में “Let + object + be + V3” या “You are ordered to…” प्रयोग होता है।
🔟 Examples
Close the gate.
➜ Let the gate be closed.
(गेट बंद किया जाए।)
Arrest the thief.
➜ Let the thief be arrested.
(चोर को गिरफ्तार किया जाए।)
Follow the rules.
➜ Let the rules be followed.
(नियमों का पालन किया जाए।)
Finish the work immediately.
➜ Let the work be finished immediately.
(काम तुरंत पूरा किया जाए।)
Stop the vehicle.
➜ Let the vehicle be stopped.
(वाहन रोका जाए।)
Call the police.
➜ Let the police be called.
(पुलिस को बुलाया जाए।)
Submit the report today.
➜ Let the report be submitted today.
(रिपोर्ट आज जमा की जाए।)
Clean the classroom.
➜ Let the classroom be cleaned.
(कक्षा साफ की जाए।)
Respect your teachers.
➜ Let your teachers be respected.
(शिक्षकों का सम्मान किया जाए।)
Complete the project.
➜ Let the project be completed.
(प्रोजेक्ट पूरा किया जाए।)
✅ 33️⃣ Double Object Sentences
🔹 Rule:
S + V + IO + DO
Passive:
IO + be + V3 + DO
DO + be + V3 + to/for + IO
She gave me a gift.
➜ I was given a gift.
➜ A gift was given to me.
(उसने मुझे उपहार दिया।)
He taught us English.
➜ We were taught English.
➜ English was taught to us.
They offered her a job.
➜ She was offered a job.
➜ A job was offered to her.
I sent him a message.
➜ He was sent a message.
➜ A message was sent to him.
She told me a story.
➜ I was told a story.
➜ A story was told to me.
He bought her a dress.
➜ She was bought a dress.
➜ A dress was bought for her.
They gave us homework.
➜ We were given homework.
➜ Homework was given to us.
The teacher showed me the answer.
➜ I was shown the answer.
➜ The answer was shown to me.
She promised him help.
➜ He was promised help.
➜ Help was promised to him.
He paid me money.
➜ I was paid money.
➜ Money was paid to me.
✅ 34️⃣ Infinitive Structure
🔹 Rule:
to + V1 → to be + V3
I want to complete the work.
➜ I want the work to be completed.
She hopes to finish the task.
➜ She hopes the task to be finished.
They decided to build a house.
➜ They decided the house to be built.
He plans to start the project.
➜ He plans the project to be started.
We wish to solve the problem.
➜ We wish the problem to be solved.
She expects to win the prize.
➜ She expects the prize to be won.
I like to watch movies.
➜ I like movies to be watched.
They want to repair the road.
➜ They want the road to be repaired.
He tries to complete the task.
➜ He tries the task to be completed.
She intends to open the shop.
➜ She intends the shop to be opened.
✅ 35️⃣ Gerund Structure
🔹 Rule:
V1+ing → being + V3
I like people praising me.
➜ I like being praised.
She hates people criticizing her.
➜ She hates being criticized.
He enjoys people appreciating him.
➜ He enjoys being appreciated.
They love people inviting them.
➜ They love being invited.
She dislikes people blaming her.
➜ She dislikes being blamed.
I remember people helping me.
➜ I remember being helped.
He avoids people teasing him.
➜ He avoids being teased.
She prefers people guiding her.
➜ She prefers being guided.
They appreciate people supporting them.
➜ They appreciate being supported.
He fears people judging him.
➜ He fears being judged.
✅ 36️⃣ Causative (Have/Get)
I got him to repair the car.
➜ I got the car repaired.
She had him clean the room.
➜ She had the room cleaned.
They got the mechanic to fix the bike.
➜ They got the bike fixed.
I had the tailor stitch the dress.
➜ I had the dress stitched.
She got the painter to paint the house.
➜ She got the house painted.
He had the servant wash the clothes.
➜ He had the clothes washed.
We got the worker to build the wall.
➜ We got the wall built.
She had the doctor check her.
➜ She had herself checked.
They got someone to repair the road.
➜ They got the road repaired.
I had him deliver the parcel.
➜ I had the parcel delivered.
✅ 37️⃣ Let Structure (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
Let + Object + V1 → Let + Object + be + V3
Let him finish the task.
➜ Let the task be finished by him.
(उसे कार्य पूरा करने दो।)
Let her open the door.
➜ Let the door be opened by her.
(उसे दरवाज़ा खोलने दो।)
Let them call the doctor.
➜ Let the doctor be called by them.
(उन्हें डॉक्टर बुलाने दो।)
✅ 38️⃣ Make / Help / See / Watch (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
Object + is/was + made/seen/helped + to + V1
She made me laugh.
➜ I was made to laugh.
(मुझे हँसाया गया।)
They saw him steal money.
➜ He was seen to steal money.
(उसे पैसा चुराते हुए देखा गया।)
She helped me solve the problem.
➜ I was helped to solve the problem.
(मुझे समस्या हल करने में मदद की गई।)
✅ 39️⃣ Believe / Know / Say / Think (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
Subject + is/was + V3 + to + V1
People believe him to be honest.
➜ He is believed to be honest.
(उसे ईमानदार माना जाता है।)
They think her to be intelligent.
➜ She is thought to be intelligent.
(उसे बुद्धिमान समझा जाता है।)
People know him to be rich.
➜ He is known to be rich.
(उसे अमीर जाना जाता है।)
✅ 40️⃣ It is said that Structure (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
It is/was + V3 + that…
या
Subject + is/was + V3 + to + V1
People say that he is rich.
➜ It is said that he is rich.
➜ He is said to be rich.
(कहा जाता है कि वह अमीर है।)
People believe that she is honest.
➜ It is believed that she is honest.
➜ She is believed to be honest.
(माना जाता है कि वह ईमानदार है।)
People think that they are guilty.
➜ It is thought that they are guilty.
➜ They are thought to be guilty.
(सोचा जाता है कि वे दोषी हैं।)
✅ 41️⃣ There Structure (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
It is/was + V3 + that + there…
People expect that there will be rain.
➜ It is expected that there will be rain.
(उम्मीद की जाती है कि बारिश होगी।)
People believe that there is corruption.
➜ It is believed that there is corruption.
(माना जाता है कि भ्रष्टाचार है।)
They reported that there was an accident.
➜ It was reported that there was an accident.
(रिपोर्ट किया गया कि दुर्घटना हुई थी।)
✅ 42️⃣ Prepositional Verb Passive (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
Subject + be + V3 + preposition
They laughed at him.
➜ He was laughed at.
(उस पर हँसा गया।)
People talked about the issue.
➜ The issue was talked about.
(मुद्दे पर चर्चा की गई।)
They looked after the child.
➜ The child was looked after.
(बच्चे की देखभाल की गई।)
✅ 43️⃣ By Agent Omitted (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
Agent (by someone) हटाया जाता है।
Someone stole my bike.
➜ My bike was stolen.
(मेरी बाइक चोरी हो गई।)
Somebody broke the window.
➜ The window was broken.
(खिड़की तोड़ी गई।)
Someone has cleaned the room.
➜ The room has been cleaned.
(कमरा साफ कर दिया गया है।)
✅ 44️⃣ Reporting Verb Passive (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
It was + V3 + that…
They reported that he was missing.
➜ It was reported that he was missing.
(रिपोर्ट किया गया कि वह लापता था।)
They announced that the exam was cancelled.
➜ It was announced that the exam was cancelled.
(घोषणा की गई कि परीक्षा रद्द कर दी गई।)
They declared that he was the winner.
➜ It was declared that he was the winner.
(घोषित किया गया कि वह विजेता था।)
✅ 45️⃣ Passive with Continuous Modals (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
Modal + be + being + V3
The work may be being done.
(काम किया जा रहा हो सकता है।)
The house must be being built.
(घर बनाया जा रहा होगा।)
The project can be being prepared.
(परियोजना तैयार की जा रही हो सकती है।)
✅ 46️⃣ Passive with Perfect Modals (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
Modal + have + been + V3
The work must have been completed.
(काम पूरा किया जा चुका होगा।)
The letter may have been sent.
(पत्र भेजा गया होगा।)
The match could have been won.
(मैच जीता जा सकता था।)
✅ 47️⃣ Question Tag Passive (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
Passive + , is/was it?
The work is completed, isn’t it?
(काम पूरा किया गया है, है ना?)
The letter was sent, wasn’t it?
(पत्र भेजा गया था, है ना?)
The house is being built, isn’t it?
(घर बनाया जा रहा है, है ना?)
✅ 48️⃣ Embedded Question Passive (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
Wh + subject + be + V3
Do you know when the work was completed?
(क्या आपको पता है काम कब पूरा हुआ?)
Can you tell me why the door was opened?
(क्या आप बता सकते हैं दरवाज़ा क्यों खोला गया?)
I don’t know how the problem was solved.
(मुझे नहीं पता समस्या कैसे हल की गई।)
✅ 49️⃣ Passive in Conditional Sentences (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
If + subject + be + V3
If the work is completed, we will leave.
(यदि काम पूरा किया गया तो हम चले जाएंगे।)
If the match is won, we will celebrate.
(यदि मैच जीता गया तो हम जश्न मनाएंगे।)
If the project had been finished, we would have succeeded.
(यदि परियोजना पूरी कर दी गई होती, तो हम सफल हो जाते।)
✅ 50️⃣ Passive in Relative Clauses (3 Examples)
🔹 Rule:
which/that + be + V3
This is the book which was written by him.
(यह वह किताब है जो उसके द्वारा लिखी गई थी।)
The house that was built last year is beautiful.
(वह घर जो पिछले साल बनाया गया था सुंदर है।)
The letter which was sent yesterday has arrived.
(वह पत्र जो कल भेजा गया था पहुँच गया है।)
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