Now Reading: The Complete Active-Passive Voice Guide
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The Complete Active-Passive Voice Guide
Table of Contents
📚 ACTIVE-PASSIVE VOICE – पूर्ण गाइड
✅ सकर्मक वाच्य व कर्मवाच्य : हर उदाहरण के साथ हिन्दी अर्थ
📖 सूची
1. INTRODUCTION TO VOICE (वाच्य का परिचय)
What is Voice? वाच्य बताता है कि कर्ता क्रिया कर रहा है या कर्म पर प्रभाव पड़ रहा है।
Active (सकर्मक) : Subject + Verb + Object
Passive (कर्मवाच्य) : Object + be + V3 + by + Subject
■ Active Voice (सकर्मक वाच्य): कर्ता क्रिया को करता है।
■ Passive Voice (कर्मवाच्य): कर्म पर क्रिया का प्रभाव पड़ता है।
Ram eats an apple. राम सेब खाता है।
An apple is eaten by Ram. सेब राम द्वारा खाया जाता है।
The cat chased the mouse. बिल्ली ने चूहे का पीछा किया।
The mouse was chased by the cat. चूहे का पीछा बिल्ली द्वारा किया गया।
2. RULES FOR CHANGING ACTIVE TO PASSIVE
Rule 1: पहचानें कर्ता, क्रिया, कर्म → Active: Sub + V + Obj / Passive: Obj + H.V + V3 + by + Sub
Rule 2: क्रिया हमेशा V3 (past participle) में बदले।
Rule 3: सर्वनाम बदलें: I → me, we → us, he → him, she → her, they → them, you → you, it → it
Rule 4: “by” का प्रयोग कर्ता से पहले होता है (कभी with/to/at भी)।
3. ALL TENSES WITH EXAMPLES (हिन्दी अर्थ सहित)
🔹 A. PRESENT TENSES
1. Simple Present
| Active (सकर्मक) | Passive (कर्मवाच्य) |
|---|---|
| She writes a letter. | A letter is written by her. (एक पत्र उसके द्वारा लिखा जाता है।) |
| They play football. | Football is played by them. (फुटबॉल उनके द्वारा खेला जाता है।) |
2. Present Continuous
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| She is writing a letter. | A letter is being written by her. (पत्र लिखा जा रहा है।) |
| They are playing football. | Football is being played by them. (फुटबॉल खेला जा रहा है।) |
3. Present Perfect
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| She has written a letter. | A letter has been written by her. (पत्र लिखा जा चुका है।) |
| They have played football. | Football has been played by them. |
🔸 B. PAST TENSES
4. Simple Past
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| She wrote a letter. | A letter was written by her. (पत्र लिखा गया।) |
| They played football. | Football was played by them. |
5. Past Continuous
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| She was writing a letter. | A letter was being written by her. (पत्र लिखा जा रहा था।) |
6. Past Perfect
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| She had written a letter. | A letter had been written by her. (पत्र लिखा जा चुका था।) |
🔹 C. FUTURE TENSES
7. Simple Future
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| She will write a letter. | A letter will be written by her. (पत्र लिखा जाएगा।) |
8. Future Perfect
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| She will have written a letter. | A letter will have been written by her. (पत्र लिखा जा चुका होगा।) |
⚠️ Future Continuous का passive नहीं बनता (e.g., She will be writing a letter → Not Possible)
4. MODAL VERBS (मॉडल के साथ)
| Active | Passive + हिन्दी |
|---|---|
| She can write a letter. | A letter can be written by her. (पत्र लिखा जा सकता है।) |
| They could play football. | Football could be played by them. |
| He may eat an apple. | An apple may be eaten by him. |
| You must finish the work. | The work must be finished by you. (कार्य अवश्य पूरा किया जाना चाहिए।) |
5. IMPERATIVE SENTENCES (आदेश / अनुरोध)
Open the door. (दरवाज़ा खोलो।) → Let the door be opened. (दरवाज़ा खोला जाए।)
Do not open the door. → Let the door not be opened.
Please help me. → You are requested to help me. (आपसे सहायता की प्रार्थना है।)
6. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (प्रश्नवाचक)
Yes/No type
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| Do you write a letter? | Is a letter written by you? (क्या पत्र आपके द्वारा लिखा जाता है?) |
| Are they playing football? | Is football being played by them? |
Wh- type
| Active | Passive |
|---|---|
| What do you write? | What is written by you? (आपके द्वारा क्या लिखा जाता है?) |
| Who broke the window? | By whom was the window broken? (खिड़की किसके द्वारा तोड़ी गई?) |
7. DOUBLE OBJECTS (दो कर्म)
| Active | Passive option 1 (DO) | Passive option 2 (IO) |
|---|---|---|
| She gave me a book. | A book was given to me by her. (पुस्तक मुझे दी गई।) | I was given a book by her. |
| Mother bought me a toy. | A toy was bought for me by mother. | I was bought a toy by mother. |
8. SPECIAL CASES (विशेष परिस्थितियाँ)
Verbs with prepositions
She laughed at him. → He was laughed at by her. (उसका उपहास उसके द्वारा किया गया।)
They sent for the doctor. → The doctor was sent for by them.
Impersonal passive (doer unknown)
People speak English here. → English is spoken here. (यहाँ अंग्रेज़ी बोली जाती है।)
Someone stole my watch. → My watch was stolen.
⚠️ Intransitive verbs (no object) like sleep, cry, arrive → No passive.
9. COMMON ERRORS (सामान्य गलतियाँ)
| Incorrect | Correct + हिन्दी |
|---|---|
| A letter is wrote by me. | A letter is written by me. (पत्र मेरे द्वारा लिखा गया।) |
| The house is building. | The house is being built. |
| She was died in accident. | She died / was killed in an accident. |
10. PRACTICE EXERCISES (अभ्यास)
Exercise 1: Active → Passive
- She writes poems.
- They are building a hospital.
- Who broke the glass?
उत्तर: Poems are written by her. / A hospital is being built by them. / By whom was the glass broken?
Exercise 2: Passive → Active
- A letter is written by her.
- Let the door be opened.
उत्तर: She writes a letter. / Open the door.
Exercise 3: C
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