Active Passive – Formula

📘 ACTIVE & PASSIVE VOICE – COMPLETE FORMULA CHART

✅ 1️⃣ Present Simple

🔹 Active Formula:

S + V1(s/es) + O

🔹 Passive Formula:

O + am/is/are + V3 + by + S

Example:

She writes a letter.

➜ A letter is written by her.

(वह पत्र लिखती है।)

✅ 2️⃣ Present Continuous

🔹 Active:

S + am/is/are + V-ing + O

🔹 Passive:

O + am/is/are + being + V3 + by + S

She is writing a letter.

➜ A letter is being written by her.

(वह पत्र लिख रही है।)

✅ 3️⃣ Present Perfect

🔹 Active:

S + has/have + V3 + O

🔹 Passive:

O + has/have + been + V3 + by + S

She has written a letter.

➜ A letter has been written by her.

(उसने पत्र लिख दिया है।)

✅ 4️⃣ Past Simple

🔹 Active:

S + V2 + O

🔹 Passive:

O + was/were + V3 + by + S

She wrote a letter.

➜ A letter was written by her.

(उसने पत्र लिखा।)

✅ 5️⃣ Past Continuous

🔹 Active:

S + was/were + V-ing + O

🔹 Passive:

O + was/were + being + V3 + by + S

She was writing a letter.

➜ A letter was being written by her.

(वह पत्र लिख रही थी।)

✅ 6️⃣ Past Perfect

🔹 Active:

S + had + V3 + O

🔹 Passive:

O + had + been + V3 + by + S

She had written a letter.

➜ A letter had been written by her.

(उसने पत्र लिख लिया था।)

✅ 7️⃣ Future Simple (Will)

🔹 Active:

S + will + V1 + O

🔹 Passive:

O + will + be + V3 + by + S

She will write a letter.

➜ A letter will be written by her.

(वह पत्र लिखेगी।)

✅ 8️⃣ Future “Going To”

🔹 Active:

S + am/is/are going to + V1 + O

🔹 Passive:

O + am/is/are going to + be + V3 + by + S

She is going to write a letter.

➜ A letter is going to be written by her.

(वह पत्र लिखने वाली है।)

✅ 9️⃣ Future Perfect

🔹 Active:

S + will have + V3 + O

🔹 Passive:

O + will have + been + V3 + by + S

She will have written a letter.

➜ A letter will have been written by her.

(वह पत्र लिख चुकी होगी।)

✅ 🔟 Modal Verbs Passive

🔹 Active:

S + Modal + V1 + O

🔹 Passive:

O + Modal + be + V3 + by + S

She can write a letter.

➜ A letter can be written by her.

(वह पत्र लिख सकती है।)

✅ 1️⃣1️⃣ Perfect Modal Passive

🔹 Active:

S + Modal + have + V3 + O

🔹 Passive:

O + Modal + have been + V3 + by + S

She must have written a letter.

➜ A letter must have been written by her.

(उसने पत्र लिखा होगा।)

✅ 1️⃣2️⃣ Imperative Passive

🔹 Active:

V1 + O

🔹 Passive:

Let + O + be + V3

Open the door.

➜ Let the door be opened.

(दरवाज़ा खोला जाए।)

✅ 1️⃣3️⃣ Causative (Have/Get)

🔹 Active:

S + have/get + O + V3

🔹 Passive Meaning:

काम किसी से करवाना

I got the car repaired.

(मैंने कार ठीक करवाई।)

✅ 1️⃣4️⃣ Double Object Passive

🔹 Active:

S + V + IO + DO

🔹 Passive:

IO + be + V3

OR

DO + be + V3 + to/for + IO

She gave me a gift.

➜ I was given a gift.

➜ A gift was given to me.

✅ 1️⃣5️⃣ Prepositional Verb Passive

🔹 Active:

S + V + Prep + O

🔹 Passive:

O + be + V3 + Prep

They laughed at him.

➜ He was laughed at.