📘 DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH – COMPLETE CHART

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Direct and Indirect Narration
📘 DIRECT & INDIRECT SPEECH – COMPLETE CHART

Table of Contents

🔴 1. Basic Definition (मूल नियम)
🔵 2. Basic Structure Rule
- - ✅ Direct:
  - ✅ Indirect:
🟢 3. Reporting Verb Rules
🔴 4. Tense Change Chart
🔵 5. No Tense Change (Special Cases)
🔴 6. Pronoun Change Rule
🔵 7. Time & Place Change
📘 8. ASSERTIVE SENTENCE (Simple Statement)
- - ✅ Rule Chart:
  - ✅ Examples:
🔴 9. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE (Question)
- ✅ Rule Chart:
- ✅ YES/NO Examples:
- ❗ WH-Question Examples:
🔵 10. IMPERATIVE SENTENCE (Order / Command)
- ✅ Rule Chart:
  - ✅ Examples:
- ❗ Negative Imperative:
🟢 11. REQUEST SENTENCE
- ✅ Rule Chart:
  - ✅ Examples:
🔴 12. EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE
- ✅ Rule Chart:
  - ✅ Examples:
🔵 13. OPTATIVE SENTENCE (Wish/Prayer)
- ✅ Rule Chart:
  - ✅ Examples:
🟢 14. CONDITIONAL SENTENCE
- ✅ Rule:
  - ✅ Examples:
🔴 15. LET SENTENCE
- ✅ (A) Suggestion
- ✅ (B) Permission
🔵 16. MUST / HAVE TO
- - ✅ Rule Chart:
  - ✅ Examples:
🟢 17. SHALL / WILL RULES
- - ✅ Example:
🔴 18. YES / NO TYPE QUESTION
- ✅ Rule:
  - ✅ Examples:
🎯 FINAL MASTER TRICK
🔵 19. Reporting Verb Advanced List
🎯 Final Super Trick (Complete Formula)
🧠 Golden Rule

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🔴 1. Basic Definition (मूल नियम)

👉 Direct Speech: Speaker के exact words
👉 Indirect Speech: Reported form (बदलकर)

✔ Example:
Direct: He said, “I am happy.”
Indirect: He said that he was happy.

🔵 2. Basic Structure Rule

✅ Direct:

Subject + Reporting Verb + , “Reported Speech”

✅ Indirect:

Subject + Reporting Verb + that + clause

🟢 3. Reporting Verb Rules

Direct	Indirect
said	said that
said to	told

✔ Example:
He said to me, “I am ready.”
👉 He told me that he was ready.

🔴 4. Tense Change Chart

👉 अगर Reporting Verb Past में है, तो tense change होगा

Direct Tense	Indirect Tense
Present Indefinite	Past Indefinite
Present Continuous	Past Continuous
Present Perfect	Past Perfect
Past Indefinite	Past Perfect
Past Continuous	Past Perfect Continuous
will	would
can	could
may	might

✔ Example:
“I play cricket.”
👉 He said that he played cricket.

🔵 5. No Tense Change (Special Cases)

👉 Tense change नहीं होगा अगर:

✔ Universal truth
✔ Habitual fact
✔ Reporting verb present/future में हो

✔ Example:
He said, “The sun rises in the east.”
👉 He said that the sun rises in the east.

🔴 6. Pronoun Change Rule

👉 Pronoun बदलता है sense के अनुसार

Person	Rule
First Person	Subject के अनुसार
Second Person	Object के अनुसार
Third Person	No change

✔ Example:
He said, “I am happy.”
👉 He said that he was happy.

🔵 7. Time & Place Change

Direct	Indirect
now	then
today	that day
tomorrow	next day
yesterday	previous day
here	there
this	that

✔ Example:
He said, “I will go tomorrow.”
👉 He said that he would go the next day.

📘 8. ASSERTIVE SENTENCE (Simple Statement)

👉 Hindi पहचान: सामान्य वाक्य (बताने वाला)
👉 Keywords: है, था, करता है, जाएगा

✅ Rule Chart:

Step	Change
said	said that
comma & quotes	हटाओ
tense	past में बदलो (अगर जरूरत हो)
pronoun	rule के अनुसार

✅ Examples:

Direct	Indirect
He said, “I am tired.”	He said that he was tired.
She said, “I play cricket.”	She said that she played cricket.
Ram said, “I will go.”	Ram said that he would go.

🔴 9. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCE (Question)

👉 Hindi पहचान: क्या, क्यों, कहाँ

✅ Rule Chart:

Step	Change
said	asked
that	हटाओ
yes/no question	if / whether
wh-question	same wh-word

✅ YES/NO Examples:

Direct	Indirect
He said, “Are you ready?”	He asked if I was ready.
She said, “Do you work?”	She asked whether I worked.

❗ WH-Question Examples:

Direct	Indirect
He said, “Where are you going?”	He asked where I was going.
She said, “Why are you late?”	She asked why I was late.

🔵 10. IMPERATIVE SENTENCE (Order / Command)

👉 Hindi पहचान: करो, मत करो

✅ Rule Chart:

Step	Change
said	told / ordered
verb	to + V1

✅ Examples:

Direct	Indirect
He said, “Open the door.”	He told me to open the door.
Teacher said, “Stand up.”	Teacher ordered me to stand up.

❗ Negative Imperative:

👉 Rule: not to + V1

Direct	Indirect
He said, “Do not run.”	He told me not to run.

🟢 11. REQUEST SENTENCE

👉 Hindi पहचान: कृपया, please

✅ Rule Chart:

Step	Change
said	requested
verb	to + V1

✅ Examples:

Direct	Indirect
He said, “Please help me.”	He requested me to help him.
She said, “Please sit down.”	She requested me to sit down.

🔴 12. EXCLAMATORY SENTENCE

👉 Hindi पहचान: वाह!, हाय!, अफसोस!

✅ Rule Chart:

Step	Change
said	exclaimed with (joy/sorrow/surprise)
that	use करो

✅ Examples:

Direct	Indirect
He said, “Hurrah! We won.”	He exclaimed with joy that they had won.
She said, “Alas! I am ruined.”	She exclaimed with sorrow that she was ruined.