🔴 1️⃣ Simple Subject (सरल कर्ता)
👉 जब वाक्य में एक ही noun या pronoun subject हो।
✅ Structure:
Subject + Verb + Object
🔹 Examples (10)
- Ram plays cricket.
राम क्रिकेट खेलता है।
- She is happy.
वह खुश है।
- The dog barks loudly.
कुत्ता जोर से भौंकता है।
- I am ready.
मैं तैयार हूँ।
- The teacher teaches English.
अध्यापक अंग्रेजी पढ़ाते हैं।
- He runs fast.
वह तेज दौड़ता है।
- The sun rises in the east.
सूरज पूर्व में उगता है।
- My brother works hard.
मेरा भाई मेहनत करता है।
- The baby is crying.
बच्चा रो रहा है।
- The girl sings well.
लड़की अच्छा गाती है।
🔵 2️⃣ Compound Subject (संयुक्त कर्ता)
👉 जब दो या अधिक subjects “and” से जुड़े हों।
✅ Structure:
Subject1 + and + Subject2 + Verb (Plural)
🔹 Examples (10)
- Ram and Shyam are friends.
राम और श्याम दोस्त हैं।
- She and I are going.
वह और मैं जा रहे हैं।
- The teacher and the student are talking.
शिक्षक और छात्र बात कर रहे हैं।
- Ravi and Mohan play football.
रवि और मोहन फुटबॉल खेलते हैं।
- My father and mother love me.
मेरे माता-पिता मुझसे प्यार करते हैं।
- Dogs and cats are animals.
कुत्ते और बिल्ली जानवर हैं।
- You and he are late.
तुम और वह देर से आए।
- Books and pens are on the table.
किताबें और पेन मेज पर हैं।
- The boys and girls are playing.
लड़के और लड़कियाँ खेल रहे हैं।
- Milk and bread are healthy.
दूध और ब्रेड स्वास्थ्यवर्धक हैं।
🟢 3️⃣ Implied Subject (छिपा हुआ कर्ता)
👉 Imperative sentence में subject छिपा होता है (You understood)
✅ Structure:
(You) + Verb
🔹 Examples (10)
- Open the door.
(तुम) दरवाज़ा खोलो।
- Sit down.
(तुम) बैठो।
- Close the window.
(तुम) खिड़की बंद करो।
- Listen carefully.
(तुम) ध्यान से सुनो।
- Speak slowly.
(तुम) धीरे बोलो।
- Come here.
(तुम) यहाँ आओ।
- Write your name.
(तुम) अपना नाम लिखो।
- Read the book.
(तुम) किताब पढ़ो।
- Help me.
(तुम) मेरी मदद करो।
- Try again.
(तुम) फिर कोशिश करो।
👉 जब असली subject बाद में आता है, और शुरुआत में “It” या “There” आता है।
✅ Structure:
It + Verb
There + Verb
🔹 Examples (10)
- It is raining.
बारिश हो रही है।
- It is important to study.
पढ़ना जरूरी है।
- It was a good day.
यह एक अच्छा दिन था।
- It seems easy.
यह आसान लगता है।
- It is my book.
यह मेरी किताब है।
- There is a pen on the table.
मेज पर एक पेन है।
- There are many students.
वहाँ कई छात्र हैं।
- There was a problem.
एक समस्या थी।
- There will be a meeting.
एक बैठक होगी।
- There is no water.
पानी नहीं है।
🟡 5️⃣ Complete Subject (पूरा कर्ता)
👉 Subject + उसके साथ जुड़े modifiers
🔹 Examples (10)
- The tall boy is playing.
लंबा लड़का खेल रहा है।
- The red car is fast.
लाल कार तेज है।
- My best friend lives here.
मेरा सबसे अच्छा दोस्त यहाँ रहता है।
- The old house is empty.
पुराना घर खाली है।
- The smart student answered.
होशियार छात्र ने जवाब दिया।
- The little girl is dancing.
छोटी लड़की नाच रही है।
- The big dog barked.
बड़ा कुत्ता भौंका।
- The new teacher is kind.
नया शिक्षक दयालु है।
- The brave soldier fought.
बहादुर सैनिक लड़ा।
- The young boy runs fast.
युवा लड़का तेज दौड़ता है।
🎯 Quick Summary
| Type | पहचान |
|---|
| Simple Subject | एक noun/pronoun |
| Compound Subject | दो subject + and |
| Implied Subject | Imperative में छिपा “you” |
| Dummy Subject | It / There |
| Complete Subject | Subject + modifier |
📘 Subject Rules (कर्ता के नियम)
👉 English Grammar में Subject वह होता है जो काम करता है या जिसके बारे में कुछ कहा जाता है।
🔴 Rule 1: Subject + Verb Agreement
👉 Subject के अनुसार verb बदलती है।
✅ Singular Subject → Singular Verb
✅ Plural Subject → Plural Verb
Examples:
- He plays cricket.
वह क्रिकेट खेलता है।
- She writes a letter.
वह पत्र लिखती है।
- Ram goes to school.
राम स्कूल जाता है।
- They play cricket.
वे क्रिकेट खेलते हैं।
- We write letters.
हम पत्र लिखते हैं।
🔵 Rule 2: Two Subjects Joined by “And” → Plural Verb
- Ram and Shyam are friends.
राम और श्याम दोस्त हैं।
- Tea and coffee are hot.
- My father and mother love me.
- Boys and girls are playing.
- You and I are ready.
🟢 Rule 3: Subjects Joined by “Or / Nor” → Verb Agrees with Nearest Subject
- Ram or Shyam is coming.
- Shyam or Ram is coming.
- The teacher or the students are ready.
- The students or the teacher is ready.
- Either Ram or his friends are coming.
👉 Verb पास वाले subject के अनुसार होगी।
🟣 Rule 4: Everyone, Someone, Nobody → Singular
- Everyone is happy.
- Someone has called you.
- Nobody knows the truth.
- Everybody likes music.
- Each student has a book.
🟡 Rule 5: Collective Noun Usually Singular
- The team is winning.
- The family lives here.
- The committee has decided.
- The crowd is large.
- The class is silent.
🟠 Rule 6: “There” Sentences – Verb Depends on Real Subject
- There is a book on the table.
- There are many books.
- There was a problem.
- There were many students.
- There is some milk.
🔷 Rule 7: Titles, News, Subjects of Study → Singular
- Mathematics is difficult.
- The news is good.
- Physics is interesting.
- Politics is complicated.
- The United States is powerful.
🔶 Rule 8: A Number of / The Number of
- A number of students are absent.
- The number of students is small.
- A number of people are waiting.
- The number of books is high.
- A number of workers are present.
🟤 Rule 9: Each / Every → Singular
- Each boy has a pen.
- Every student is present.
- Each of them is ready.
- Every house has a door.
- Each girl likes chocolate.
⚫ Rule 10: Gerund (Verb + ing as Subject) → Singular
- Swimming is good exercise.
- Reading is my hobby.
- Walking is healthy.
- Writing takes time.
- Dancing is fun.
🎯 Quick Revision Table
| Situation | Verb |
|---|
| Singular Subject | Singular Verb |
| Plural Subject | Plural Verb |
| And | Plural |
| Or/Nor | Nearest Subject |
| Everyone/Each | Singular |
| There | Real Subject |
| Gerund | Singular |