📘 Tense Chart with Hindi Identification

🔴 1. Present Tense (वर्तमान काल)

✅ 1.1 Present Indefinite (Simple Present)

👉 **पहचान:**ता है / ती है / ते हैं

✅ 1.2 Present Continuous

👉 पहचान: रहा है / रही है / रहे हैं

✅ 1.3 Present Perfect

👉 पहचान: चुका है / लिया है / किया है

✅ 1.4 Present Perfect Continuous

👉 पहचान: रहा है (समय के साथ – since/for)

🔵 2. Past Tense (भूतकाल)

✅ 2.1 Past Indefinite (Simple Past)

👉 पहचान: गया / किया / आया

✅ 2.2 Past Continuous

👉 पहचान: रहा था / रही थी

✅ 2.3 Past Perfect

👉 पहचान: चुका था / लिया था

✅ 2.4 Past Perfect Continuous

👉 पहचान: रहा था (समय के साथ)

🟢 3. Future Tense (भविष्य काल)

✅ 3.1 Future Indefinite

👉 पहचान: करेगा / जाएगी

✅ 3.2 Future Continuous

👉 पहचान: रहा होगा

✅ 3.3 Future Perfect

👉 पहचान: चुका होगा

✅ 3.4 Future Perfect Continuous

👉 पहचान: रहा होगा (समय के साथ)

🎯 Quick Trick (याद रखने का आसान तरीका)

👉 Present = रहा है / चुका है
👉 Past = रहा था / चुका था
👉 Future = करेगा / होगा / चुका होगा

📘 Past Perfect – After / Before Rule Chart

🔴 1. AFTER वाले वाक्य

👉 Rule (Structure):
After + Subject + Past Perfect (had + V3), Subject + Past Indefinite (V2)

👉 Hindi पहचान:
“के बाद”, “के बाद ही”, “जैसे ही”

✅ Examples:

🔵 2. BEFORE वाले वाक्य

👉 Rule (Structure):
Subject + Past Indefinite (V2) + before + Subject + Past Perfect (had + V3)

👉 Hindi पहचान:
“से पहले”, “पहले ही”

✅ Examples:

🧠 Important Concept (सबसे जरूरी बात)

👉 जो काम पहले हुआ → Past Perfect (had + V3)
👉 जो काम बाद में हुआ → Past Indefinite (V2)

⚡ Shortcut Trick

👉 After = पहले Past Perfect, बाद में Past Indefinite
👉 Before = पहले Past Indefinite, बाद में Past Perfect

🎯 Comparison Example

✔ After he had finished work, he slept.
👉 (पहले काम खत्म → फिर सोया)

✔ He slept before he had finished work.
👉 (सोया → काम खत्म बाद में दिखाया गया)

📘 Active & Passive Voice – Complete Chart

🔴 Basic Rule (सबसे जरूरी)

👉 Active: Subject + Verb + Object
👉 Passive: Object + helping verb + V3 + by + Subject

✔ Example:
Active: Ram eats mango.
Passive: Mango is eaten by Ram.

👉 Hindi पहचान:
जिस वाक्य में काम करने वाला (कर्ता) important हो = Active
जिसमें काम (क्रिया) या object important हो = Passive

🔵 Tense Wise Rules Chart

✅ 1. Present Indefinite

👉 पहचान:ता है / ती है

✔ Example:
Active: She writes a letter.
Passive: A letter is written by her.

✅ 2. Present Continuous

👉 पहचान: रहा है

✔ Example:
Active: She is writing a letter.
Passive: A letter is being written by her.

✅ 3. Present Perfect

👉 पहचान: चुका है

✔ Example:
Active: She has written a letter.
Passive: A letter has been written by her.

🔴 4. Past Indefinite

👉 पहचान: गया / किया

✔ Example:
Active: She wrote a letter.
Passive: A letter was written by her.

🔵 5. Past Continuous

👉 पहचान: रहा था

✔ Example:
Active: She was writing a letter.
Passive: A letter was being written by her.

🔴 6. Past Perfect

👉 पहचान: चुका था

✔ Example:
Active: She had written a letter.
Passive: A letter had been written by her.

🟢 7. Future Indefinite

👉 पहचान: करेगा

✔ Example:
Active: She will write a letter.
Passive: A letter will be written by her.

🟢 8. Modal Verbs (can, may, must, etc.)

✔ Example:
Active: She can write a letter.
Passive: A letter can be written by her.

⚡ Special Rules (Important)

✅ 1. Imperative Sentence (Order / Request)

👉 Rule: Let + Object + be + V3

✔ Example:
Open the door.
👉 Let the door be opened.

✅ 2. Interrogative Sentence

✔ Example:
Active: Does he play cricket?
Passive: Is cricket played by him?

✅ 3. Negative Sentence

✔ Example:
Active: He does not write a letter.
Passive: A letter is not written by him.

🎯 Quick Trick (याद रखने का आसान तरीका)

👉 Object को आगे लाओ
👉 Verb को V3 में बदलो
👉 Tense के हिसाब से helping verb लगाओ
👉 “by + Subject” जोड़ो

🧠 Important Note

❌ हर sentence passive में नहीं बनता
👉 Intransitive verbs (come, go, sleep) का passive नहीं बनता

✔ Example:
He sleeps. ❌ (No passive possible)

📘 Other Types of Active Passive Voice

🔴 1. Imperative Sentence (आदेश / विनती)

👉 Hindi पहचान: करो, मत करो, कृपया

✅ Rule:

Let + Object + be + V3

✔ Examples:

❗ Negative Imperative

👉 Rule: Let + Object + not be + V3

✔ Example:
Do not open the door.
👉 Let the door not be opened.

🔵 2. Request / Advice Sentence

👉 Hindi पहचान: कृपया, please, kindly

✅ Rule:

You are requested/advised + to + V1 + object

✔ Example:
Please help me.
👉 You are requested to help me.

🔴 3. Double Object (दो Object वाले वाक्य)

👉 Hindi पहचान: किसी को कुछ देना

✅ Rule:

👉 दो तरह से Passive बनता है

✔ Example:

Active: She gave me a book.

👉 Passive 1: I was given a book by her.
👉 Passive 2: A book was given to me by her.

🔵 4. Interrogative Sentence

👉 Hindi पहचान: क्या, क्यों, कैसे

✅ Rule:

Helping verb पहले + Object + V3

✔ Example:
Active: Did he write a letter?
👉 Passive: Was a letter written by him?

🔴 5. Negative Sentence

👉 Hindi पहचान: नहीं

✅ Rule:

Passive में “not” same जगह रहेगा

✔ Example:
Active: He does not play cricket.
👉 Passive: Cricket is not played by him.

🔵 6. Modal Verb Sentence

👉 Hindi पहचान: सकता है, चाहिए, होगा

✅ Rule:

Modal + be + V3

✔ Example:
Active: He can solve the problem.
👉 Passive: The problem can be solved by him.

🔴 7. Question Word (Wh-Question)

👉 Hindi पहचान: क्या, कौन, क्यों, कहाँ

✅ Rule:

Wh-word + helping verb + object + V3

✔ Example:
Active: Who wrote this letter?
👉 Passive: By whom was this letter written?

🔵 8. “People say / believe” type

👉 Hindi पहचान: लोग कहते हैं

✅ Rule:

It is said/believed that + clause
या
Subject + is said to + V1

✔ Example:
Active: People say he is honest.
👉 Passive: He is said to be honest.
👉 Passive: It is said that he is honest.

🔴 9. Infinitive Sentence (to + verb)

✅ Rule:

to be + V3

✔ Example:
Active: I want to clean the room.
👉 Passive: I want the room to be cleaned.

🔵 10. Gerund (V+ing)

✅ Rule:

being + V3

✔ Example:
Active: I like people praising me.
👉 Passive: I like being praised.

🎯 Super Trick (Exam Shortcut)

👉 Object को subject बनाओ
👉 Verb → V3 करो
👉 Tense के हिसाब से helping verb
👉 “by + doer” जोड़ो (जरूरत हो तो)

🧠 Important Notes

❌ ये verbs passive में नहीं बनते:
👉 come, go, sleep, die

✔ Example:
He died. ❌ (No passive)