Spelling Rules in English

🔴 Rule 1: Plural बनाने का नियम (Adding S / ES)

✅ Formula:

Noun + s (सामान्य शब्द)
Noun + es (s, ss, sh, ch, x, z पर खत्म हो)

🔹 Examples (10)

1. Book → Books
2. Pen → Pens
3. Boy → Boys
4. Girl → Girls
5. Car → Cars
6. Bus → Buses
7. Box → Boxes
8. Watch → Watches
9. Dish → Dishes
10. Class → Classes

❌ Exceptions:

• Man → Men
• Child → Children
• Foot → Feet

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🔵 Rule 2: Noun ending with Y

✅ Formula:

Consonant + Y → Y हटाकर IES
Vowel + Y → सिर्फ S

🔹 Examples (10)

1. City → Cities
2. Baby → Babies
3. Lady → Ladies
4. Story → Stories
5. Party → Parties
6. Boy → Boys
7. Toy → Toys
8. Key → Keys
9. Day → Days
10. Monkey → Monkeys

❌ Exception:

• Proper nouns में कभी-कभी सिर्फ s लगता है (e.g., The Kennedys)

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🟢 Rule 3: Verb + ING

✅ Formula:

Verb + ing
अगर verb “e” पर खत्म हो → e हटाओ + ing

🔹 Examples (10)

1. Play → Playing
2. Read → Reading
3. Write → Writing
4. Make → Making
5. Come → Coming
6. Take → Taking
7. Dance → Dancing
8. Move → Moving
9. Live → Living
10. Drive → Driving

❌ Exception:

• See → Seeing (e नहीं हटेगा)
• Be → Being

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🟣 Rule 4: Double Consonant Rule (CVC Pattern)

✅ Formula:

Consonant + Vowel + Consonant → Last consonant double + ing / ed

🔹 Examples (10)

1. Run → Running
2. Sit → Sitting
3. Cut → Cutting
4. Stop → Stopping
5. Plan → Planning
6. Big → Bigger
7. Fat → Fatter
8. Hot → Hotter
9. Win → Winning
10. Put → Putting

❌ Exception:

• Open → Opening (double नहीं होगा क्योंकि stress अलग है)

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🟡 Rule 5: Adding ED (Past Tense)

✅ Formula:

Verb + ed
Verb ending in e → + d
Consonant + y → ied

🔹 Examples (10)

1. Play → Played
2. Work → Worked
3. Live → Lived
4. Love → Loved
5. Try → Tried
6. Cry → Cried
7. Study → Studied
8. Carry → Carried
9. Jump → Jumped
10. Watch → Watched

❌ Exceptions:

• Go → Went
• Eat → Ate
• Come → Came

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🔴 Rule 6: I before E Rule

✅ Formula:

“I before E except after C”

🔹 Examples (10)

1. Believe
2. Receive
3. Piece
4. Ceiling
5. Field
6. Chief
7. Achieve
8. Friend
9. Relief
10. Deceive

❌ Exceptions:

• Weird
• Height
• Foreign
• Science

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🔵 Rule 7: Changing F / FE to VES

✅ Formula:

Word ending in f/fe → ves

🔹 Examples (10)

1. Leaf → Leaves
2. Wolf → Wolves
3. Knife → Knives
4. Life → Lives
5. Wife → Wives
6. Shelf → Shelves
7. Calf → Calves
8. Thief → Thieves
9. Half → Halves
10. Loaf → Loaves

❌ Exceptions:

• Roof → Roofs
• Chief → Chiefs
• Belief → Beliefs

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🟢 Rule 8: Comparative & Superlative

✅ Formula:

Short adjective → er / est
Long adjective → more / most

🔹 Examples (10)

1. Tall → Taller → Tallest
2. Small → Smaller → Smallest
3. Big → Bigger → Biggest
4. Happy → Happier → Happiest
5. Easy → Easier → Easiest
6. Beautiful → More beautiful
7. Intelligent → More intelligent
8. Honest → More honest
9. Large → Larger
10. Cold → Colder

❌ Exceptions:

• Good → Better → Best
• Bad → Worse → Worst

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🟣 Rule 9: Prefixes (No Spelling Change)

✅ Formula:

Prefix + Base word

🔹 Examples (10)

1. Unhappy
2. Impossible
3. Rewrite
4. Disagree
5. Incorrect
6. Preview
7. Misunderstand
8. Overwork
9. Underline
10. Nonstop

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🟡 Rule 10: Silent Letters

🔹 Examples (10)

1. Knife (k silent)
2. Honest (h silent)
3. Write (w silent)
4. Thumb (b silent)
5. Comb (b silent)
6. Walk (l silent)
7. Half (l silent)
8. Castle (t silent)
9. Listen (t silent)
10. Island (s silent)

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🎯 Final Summary Formula

• Plural → s / es / ies / ves
• ING → remove e / double consonant
• ED → ed / d / ied
• CVC → double consonant
• I before E rule
• Comparative → er / more

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