Pronoun – Definition

A pronoun is a word that is used instead of a noun to avoid repetition and make sentences smoother.

👉 Example:

• Riya is my friend. She is very kind.
  (“She” is a pronoun used instead of “Riya”.)

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✅ Types of Pronouns (with Examples)

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1️⃣ Personal Pronouns

Used to refer to specific persons or things.

Subject Pronouns: I, You, He, She, It, We, They

• She is my sister.
• They are playing cricket.

Object Pronouns: Me, You, Him, Her, It, Us, Them

• Give the book to me.
• I met him yesterday.

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🔹 SUBJECT PRONOUNS

(I, You, He, She, It, We, They)

📌 Basic Formula:

Subject Pronoun + Verb + Object/Complement

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1. I am a teacher.

🇮🇳 मैं एक शिक्षक हूँ।
📌 I + am + complement

2. You are my best friend.

🇮🇳 तुम मेरे सबसे अच्छे दोस्त हो।
📌 You + are + complement

3. He plays football.

🇮🇳 वह फुटबॉल खेलता है।
📌 He + verb + object

4. She sings beautifully.

🇮🇳 वह सुन्दर गाती है।
📌 She + verb + adverb

5. It is raining.

🇮🇳 बारिश हो रही है।
📌 It + is + verb-ing

6. We are going to school.

🇮🇳 हम स्कूल जा रहे हैं।
📌 We + are + verb-ing + object

7. They live in Delhi.

🇮🇳 वे दिल्ली में रहते हैं।
📌 They + verb + place

8. I like coffee.

🇮🇳 मुझे कॉफी पसंद है।
📌 I + verb + object

9. She teaches English.

🇮🇳 वह अंग्रेजी पढ़ाती है।
📌 She + verb + object

10. We won the match.

🇮🇳 हमने मैच जीता।
📌 We + verb + object

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🔹 OBJECT PRONOUNS

(Me, You, Him, Her, It, Us, Them)

📌 Basic Formula:

Subject + Verb + Object Pronoun

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1. She called me.

🇮🇳 उसने मुझे बुलाया।
📌 Subject + verb + me

2. I trust you.

🇮🇳 मैं तुम पर भरोसा करता हूँ।
📌 Subject + verb + you

3. We helped him.

🇮🇳 हमने उसकी मदद की।
📌 Subject + verb + him

4. They invited her.

🇮🇳 उन्होंने उसे आमंत्रित किया।
📌 Subject + verb + her

5. I saw it.

🇮🇳 मैंने उसे देखा।
📌 Subject + verb + it

6. He thanked us.

🇮🇳 उसने हमें धन्यवाद दिया।
📌 Subject + verb + us

7. The teacher praised them.

🇮🇳 शिक्षक ने उनकी प्रशंसा की।
📌 Subject + verb + them

8. Please give me the book.

🇮🇳 कृपया मुझे किताब दो।
📌 Verb + me + object

9. She sent us a message.

🇮🇳 उसने हमें संदेश भेजा।
📌 Subject + verb + us + object

10. I met her yesterday.

🇮🇳 मैं उससे कल मिला।
📌 Subject + verb + her + time

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2️⃣ Possessive Pronouns

Show ownership.

Mine, Yours, His, Hers, Ours, Theirs

• This pen is mine.
• The house is theirs.

🔹 Possessive Pronouns

(Show ownership / अधिकार दिखाते हैं)

Mine, Yours, His, Hers, Ours, Theirs

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📌 Basic Sentence Formula:

Noun + is/are + Possessive Pronoun

OR

Subject + Verb + Possessive Pronoun

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✅ 10 Sentences with Hindi Meaning & Formula

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1. This book is mine.

🇮🇳 यह किताब मेरी है।
📌 This book + is + mine

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2. That car is yours.

🇮🇳 वह गाड़ी तुम्हारी है।
📌 That car + is + yours

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3. This bag is his.

🇮🇳 यह बैग उसका है।
📌 This bag + is + his

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4. The dress is hers.

🇮🇳 यह ड्रेस उसकी है।
📌 The dress + is + hers

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5. The victory is ours.

🇮🇳 जीत हमारी है।
📌 The victory + is + ours

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6. These seats are theirs.

🇮🇳 ये सीटें उनकी हैं।
📌 These seats + are + theirs

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7. The responsibility is mine.

🇮🇳 ज़िम्मेदारी मेरी है।
📌 The responsibility + is + mine

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8. The final decision is yours.

🇮🇳 अंतिम निर्णय तुम्हारा है।
📌 The final decision + is + yours

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9. The idea was his.

🇮🇳 यह विचार उसका था।
📌 The idea + was + his

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10. The success is ours.

🇮🇳 सफलता हमारी है।
📌 The success + is + ours

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📌 Important Rule:

❌ Wrong: This is my.
✅ Correct: This is mine.

👉 Possessive pronouns are used alone (without a noun after them).

Example:

• This is my pen. (Possessive adjective)
  
• This pen is mine. (Possessive pronoun)
  

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3️⃣ Possessive Adjectives (Possessive Determiners)

My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Their

• This is my bag.
• That is their car.

🔹 Possessive Adjectives (Possessive Determiners)

👉 My, Your, His, Her, Its, Our, Their

✅ Definition:

Possessive adjectives are used before a noun to show ownership (अधिकार दिखाने के लिए संज्ञा से पहले आते हैं).

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📌 Basic Formula:

Subject + Verb + Possessive Adjective + Noun

OR

Possessive Adjective + Noun + Verb

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✅ 10 Sentences with Hindi Meaning & Formula

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1. This is my book.

🇮🇳 यह मेरी किताब है।
📌 This + is + my + book

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2. That is your pen.

🇮🇳 वह तुम्हारा पेन है।
📌 That + is + your + pen

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3. He forgot his wallet.

🇮🇳 वह अपना बटुआ भूल गया।
📌 He + verb + his + wallet

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4. She loves her family.

🇮🇳 वह अपने परिवार से प्यार करती है।
📌 She + verb + her + family

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5. The dog is wagging its tail.

🇮🇳 कुत्ता अपनी पूंछ हिला रहा है।
📌 The dog + is + verb-ing + its + tail

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6. We completed our work.

🇮🇳 हमने अपना काम पूरा किया।
📌 We + verb + our + work

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7. They sold their house.

🇮🇳 उन्होंने अपना घर बेच दिया।
📌 They + verb + their + house

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8. I like my new phone.

🇮🇳 मुझे मेरा नया फोन पसंद है।
📌 I + verb + my + noun

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9. She changed her dress.

🇮🇳 उसने अपनी ड्रेस बदली।
📌 She + verb + her + dress

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10. The company increased its profit.

🇮🇳 कंपनी ने अपना लाभ बढ़ाया।
📌 The company + verb + its + profit

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📌 Important Difference

Possessive Adjective	Possessive Pronoun
My book	The book is mine
Your car	The car is yours
Their house	The house is theirs

👉 Possessive adjectives always come before a noun.
👉 Possessive pronouns are used alone (no noun after them).

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4️⃣ Reflexive Pronouns

Used when subject and object are the same.

Myself, Yourself, Himself, Herself, Itself, Ourselves, Themselves

• She hurt herself.
• I did it myself.

🔹 4️⃣ Reflexive Pronouns

👉 Myself, Yourself, Himself, Herself, Itself, Ourselves, Themselves

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✅ Definition:

Reflexive pronouns are used when the subject and the object are the same person or thing.
(जब कर्ता और कर्म एक ही व्यक्ति या वस्तु हो।)

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📌 Basic Formula:

Subject + Verb + Reflexive Pronoun

OR

Subject + Verb + Object + by + Reflexive Pronoun

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✅ 10 Sentences with Hindi Meaning & Formula

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1. I hurt myself.

🇮🇳 मैंने खुद को चोट पहुँचाई।
📌 I + hurt + myself

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2. She blamed herself.

🇮🇳 उसने खुद को दोष दिया।
📌 She + verb + herself

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3. He introduced himself.

🇮🇳 उसने अपना परिचय दिया।
📌 He + verb + himself

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4. They enjoyed themselves at the party.

🇮🇳 उन्होंने पार्टी में खूब आनंद लिया।
📌 They + verb + themselves

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5. We prepared ourselves for the exam.

🇮🇳 हमने परीक्षा के लिए खुद को तैयार किया।
📌 We + verb + ourselves + object

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6. The cat cleaned itself.

🇮🇳 बिल्ली ने खुद को साफ किया।
📌 The cat + verb + itself

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7. You should trust yourself.

🇮🇳 तुम्हें खुद पर भरोसा करना चाहिए।
📌 You + verb + yourself

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8. I completed the work by myself.

🇮🇳 मैंने काम खुद किया।
📌 I + verb + object + by + myself

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9. She looked at herself in the mirror.

🇮🇳 उसने खुद को आईने में देखा।
📌 She + verb + herself + place

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10. He taught himself English.

🇮🇳 उसने खुद से अंग्रेजी सीखी।
📌 He + verb + himself + object

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📌 Important Points:

🔹 Reflexive pronouns always end with -self / -selves
🔹 Used when subject = object
🔹 Can also be used for emphasis (I myself did it)

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5️⃣ Demonstrative Pronouns

Point out specific things.

This, That, These, Those

• This is my phone.
• Those are beautiful flowers.

🔹 5️⃣ Demonstrative Pronouns

👉 This, That, These, Those

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✅ Definition:

Demonstrative pronouns are used to point out specific persons or things.
(किसी विशेष व्यक्ति या वस्तु की ओर संकेत करने के लिए उपयोग होते हैं।)

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📌 Usage Rule:

Near (पास)	Far (दूर)
This (singular)	That (singular)
These (plural)	Those (plural)

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📌 Basic Formula:

Demonstrative Pronoun + is/are + complement

OR

Demonstrative Pronoun + Verb

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✅ 10 Sentences with Hindi Meaning & Formula

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1. This is my book.

🇮🇳 यह मेरी किताब है।
📌 This + is + complement

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2. That is your house.

🇮🇳 वह तुम्हारा घर है।
📌 That + is + complement

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3. These are my friends.

🇮🇳 ये मेरे दोस्त हैं।
📌 These + are + complement

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4. Those are beautiful flowers.

🇮🇳 वे सुंदर फूल हैं।
📌 Those + are + complement

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5. This looks interesting.

🇮🇳 यह दिलचस्प लगता है।
📌 This + verb

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6. That was an amazing movie.

🇮🇳 वह एक शानदार फिल्म थी।
📌 That + was + complement

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7. These belong to me.

🇮🇳 ये मेरे हैं।
📌 These + verb + object

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8. Those were my old shoes.

🇮🇳 वे मेरे पुराने जूते थे।
📌 Those + were + complement

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9. This is what I wanted.

🇮🇳 यही वह है जो मैं चाहता था।
📌 This + is + clause

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10. Those seem expensive.

🇮🇳 वे महंगे लगते हैं।
📌 Those + verb + adjective

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📌 Important Note:

👉 When a noun comes after (like this book), it works as a Demonstrative Adjective.
👉 When used alone (This is mine), it works as a Demonstrative Pronoun.

Example:

• This book is good. (Adjective)
  
• This is good. (Pronoun)
  

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6️⃣ Interrogative Pronouns

Used to ask questions.

Who, Whom, Whose, Which, What

• Who is calling?
• Which is your book?

🔹 6️⃣ Interrogative Pronouns

👉 Who, Whom, Whose, Which, What

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✅ Definition:

Interrogative pronouns are used to ask questions.
(प्रश्न पूछने के लिए उपयोग होते हैं।)

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📌 Basic Question Formula:

Interrogative Pronoun + Helping Verb + Subject + Main Verb + ?

OR

Interrogative Pronoun + Verb + ?
(when pronoun itself is the subject)

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✅ 10 Sentences with Hindi Meaning & Formula

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1. Who is calling?

🇮🇳 कौन फोन कर रहा है?
📌 Who + is + verb-ing + ?

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2. Whom did you meet?

🇮🇳 तुम किससे मिले?
📌 Whom + did + subject + verb + ?

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3. Whose bag is this?

🇮🇳 यह बैग किसका है?
📌 Whose + noun + is + this + ?

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4. Which is your book?

🇮🇳 तुम्हारी किताब कौन-सी है?
📌 Which + is + complement + ?

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5. What are you doing?

🇮🇳 तुम क्या कर रहे हो?
📌 What + are + subject + verb-ing + ?

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6. Who broke the window?

🇮🇳 खिड़की किसने तोड़ी?
📌 Who + verb + object + ?
(Here “who” is the subject.)

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7. Whom are you inviting?

🇮🇳 तुम किसे बुला रहे हो?
📌 Whom + are + subject + verb-ing + ?

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8. Which do you prefer?

🇮🇳 तुम किसे पसंद करते हो?
📌 Which + do + subject + verb + ?

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9. What happened here?

🇮🇳 यहाँ क्या हुआ?
📌 What + verb + place + ?

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10. Whose shoes are those?

🇮🇳 वे जूते किसके हैं?
📌 Whose + noun + are + those + ?

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📌 Important Rules:

🔹 Who → Subject के लिए
🔹 Whom → Object के लिए
🔹 Whose → Ownership दिखाने के लिए
🔹 Which → Limited choice में
🔹 What → General question के लिए

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7️⃣ Relative Pronouns

Connect clauses and give more information.

Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That

• The boy who won the prize is my brother.
• This is the car that I bought.

🔹 7️⃣ Relative Pronouns

👉 Who, Whom, Whose, Which, That

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✅ Definition:

Relative pronouns are used to connect two clauses and give more information about a noun.
(दो वाक्यों को जोड़कर किसी संज्ञा के बारे में अतिरिक्त जानकारी देते हैं।)

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📌 Basic Formula:

Noun + Relative Pronoun + Clause

OR

Main Clause + Relative Pronoun + Additional Information

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✅ 10 Sentences with Hindi Meaning & Formula

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1. The boy who won the prize is my brother.

🇮🇳 वह लड़का जिसने पुरस्कार जीता, मेरा भाई है।
📌 Noun + who + verb + rest

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2. This is the car that I bought.

🇮🇳 यह वही कार है जो मैंने खरीदी।
📌 Noun + that + subject + verb

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3. She is the teacher who teaches English.

🇮🇳 वह शिक्षिका है जो अंग्रेजी पढ़ाती है।
📌 Noun + who + verb + object

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4. The girl whom you met is my cousin.

🇮🇳 वह लड़की जिससे तुम मिले, मेरी चचेरी बहन है।
📌 Noun + whom + subject + verb

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5. I know the man whose house was robbed.

🇮🇳 मैं उस आदमी को जानता हूँ जिसका घर लूटा गया।
📌 Noun + whose + noun + verb

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6. This is the book which I lost.

🇮🇳 यह वही किताब है जो मैंने खो दी।
📌 Noun + which + subject + verb

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7. The students who study hard succeed.

🇮🇳 जो छात्र मेहनत करते हैं, वे सफल होते हैं।
📌 Noun + who + verb + result

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8. The movie that we watched was interesting.

🇮🇳 जो फिल्म हमने देखी, वह रोचक थी।
📌 Noun + that + subject + verb

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9. The dog which barked loudly ran away.

🇮🇳 वह कुत्ता जो ज़ोर से भौंका, भाग गया।
📌 Noun + which + verb + result

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10. The player whom the coach selected performed well.

🇮🇳 जिस खिलाड़ी को कोच ने चुना, उसने अच्छा प्रदर्शन किया।
📌 Noun + whom + subject + verb

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📌 Important Rules:

🔹 Who → People (Subject)
🔹 Whom → People (Object)
🔹 Whose → Ownership
🔹 Which → Things/Animals
🔹 That → People + Things (common use)

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8️⃣ Indefinite Pronouns

Refer to non-specific persons or things.

Someone, Anyone, Everyone, No one, Somebody, Nobody, Something, Nothing, Each, Few, Many, Several, All

• Someone is at the door.
• Many were absent.

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9️⃣ Distributive Pronouns

Refer to persons or things one at a time.

Each, Either, Neither

• Each of the students passed.
• Neither of the answers is correct.

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🔟 Reciprocal Pronouns

Show mutual action.

Each other, One another

• They love each other.
• The players congratulated one another.

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1️⃣1️⃣ Emphatic (Intensive) Pronouns

Used to emphasize a noun.

Myself, Yourself, Himself, Herself, etc.

• I myself completed the project.
• She herself cooked dinner.

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1️⃣2️⃣ Exclamatory Pronouns

Used in exclamations (mainly “What”).

• What a beautiful day!
• What is happening!

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📌 Quick Summary Table

Type	Example
Personal	She, him
Possessive	mine, yours
Reflexive	myself
Demonstrative	this
Interrogative	who
Relative	that
Indefinite	someone
Distributive	each
Reciprocal	each other
Emphatic	herself

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