Pronoun List, Usage and Rules

Pronoun: Definition, Types, and Complete Usage Guide

In both English and Hindi grammar, pronouns are essential building blocks of language. They help us avoid repetition and make sentences flow smoothly. This comprehensive guide covers all pronoun categories with their sentence structures, examples in both English and Hindi.

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1. What is a Pronoun? (सर्वनाम क्या है?)

A pronoun is a word used in place of a noun to avoid repetition. It refers to a person, place, thing, or idea that has already been mentioned or is understood from context.

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2. Types of Pronouns (सर्वनाम के प्रकार)

There are 10 main types of pronouns in English grammar. Each type serves a specific function in sentence construction.

2.1 Personal Pronouns (पुरुषवाचक सर्वनाम)

These pronouns refer to specific persons or things. They change form based on person (first, second, third), number (singular, plural), and gender.

Person	Subject (कर्ता)	Object (कर्म)	Possessive (संबंधवाचक)
First Person Singular	I (मैं)	Me (मुझे)	My/Mine (मेरा)
First Person Plural	We (हम)	Us (हमें)	Our/Ours (हमारा)
Second Person	You (तुम/आप)	You (तुम्हें)	Your/Yours (तुम्हारा)
Third Person Singular (Male)	He (वह)	Him (उसे)	His (उसका)
Third Person Singular (Female)	She (वह)	Her (उसे)	Her/Hers (उसका)
Third Person Singular (Neuter)	It (यह/वह)	It (इसे)	Its (इसका)
Third Person Plural	They (वे)	Them (उन्हें)	Their/Theirs (उनका)

2.2 Possessive Pronouns (संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम)

These pronouns show ownership or possession. Unlike possessive adjectives, they stand alone and don’t modify nouns.

Possessive Pronoun	Meaning (अर्थ)	Example
Mine	मेरा	This book is mine.
Yours	तुम्हारा	Is this pen yours?
His	उसका	The car is his.
Hers	उसका (स्त्री.)	The dress is hers.
Its	इसका	The cat licked its paw.
Ours	हमारा	This house is ours.
Theirs	उनका	The garden is theirs.

2.3 Reflexive Pronouns (निजवाचक सर्वनाम)

Reflexive pronouns refer back to the subject of the sentence. They end with -self (singular) or -selves (plural).

Person	Singular	Plural
First	Myself (स्वयं)	Ourselves (स्वयं)
Second	Yourself (तुम स्वयं)	Yourselves (आप स्वयं)
Third	Himself, Herself, Itself	Themselves (वे स्वयं)

2.4 Demonstrative Pronouns (संकेतवाचक सर्वनाम)

These pronouns point to specific things. They indicate proximity (near/far) and number.

Pronoun	Usage	Example
This (यह)	Singular, near	This is my phone.
That (वह)	Singular, far	That is your car.
These (ये)	Plural, near	These are fresh fruits.
Those (वे)	Plural, far	Those were the days.

2.5 Interrogative Pronouns (प्रश्नवाचक सर्वनाम)

These pronouns are used to ask questions. They stand for the unknown information being asked about.

Pronoun	Used For	Example
Who (कौन)	Subject (person)	Who is your teacher?
Whom (किसे)	Object (person)	Whom did you meet?
Whose (किसका)	Possession	Whose bag is this?
Which (कौनसा)	Choice/Selection	Which is your favorite?
What (क्या)	Thing/Idea	What happened?

2.6 Relative Pronouns (संबंधवाचक सर्वनाम)

Relative pronouns connect a clause or phrase to a noun or pronoun. They introduce relative clauses.

Pronoun	Usage	Example
Who (जो)	For people (subject)	The man who called is my uncle.
Whom (जिसे)	For people (object)	The girl whom you met is my sister.
Which (जो/जिस)	For things/animals	The book which I read is great.
That (जो)	For people/things	The house that Jack built.
Whose (जिसका)	Possession	The boy whose bike is red.

2.7 Indefinite Pronouns (अनिश्चयवाचक सर्वनाम)

These pronouns refer to non-specific persons or things. They don’t point to a particular noun.

Common Indefinite Pronouns
Someone (कोई)	Anyone (कोई भी)	No one (कोई नहीं)
Everybody (हर कोई)	Something (कुछ)	Anything (कुछ भी)
Nothing (कुछ नहीं)	Each (प्रत्येक)	Either (कोई एक)
Neither (कोई नहीं)	Few (कुछ)	Many (बहुत से)
All (सभी)	None (कोई नहीं)	Several (कई)

2.8 Distributive Pronouns (वितरणवाचक सर्वनाम)

These pronouns refer to persons or things one at a time. They are always singular and take singular verbs.

Pronoun	Meaning	Example
Each (प्रत्येक)	Every single one	Each of the students passed.
Either (कोई एक)	One or the other	Either of the answers is correct.
Neither (कोई नहीं)	Not one nor the other	Neither of them came.

2.9 Reciprocal Pronouns (पारस्परिक सर्वनाम)

These pronouns express mutual relationships or actions. There are only two reciprocal pronouns.

Pronoun	Usage	Example
Each other	Two people/things	They love each other.
One another	Three or more	The students helped one another.

2.10 Emphatic Pronouns (बलात्मक सर्वनाम)

These pronouns are used to emphasize the subject. They look like reflexive pronouns but are not essential to the sentence.

Pronoun	Example
Myself	I myself saw the accident.
Yourself	You yourself told me this.
Himself	The president himself arrived.
Herself	She herself painted this.

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3. Complete List of All Pronouns (Category-wise)

Category	Pronouns List
Personal	I, me, my, mine, we, us, our, ours, you, your, yours, he, him, his, she, her, hers, it, its, they, them, their, theirs
Possessive	Mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs
Reflexive	Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
Demonstrative	This, that, these, those
Interrogative	Who, whom, whose, which, what
Relative	Who, whom, whose, which, that
Indefinite	All, another, any, anybody, anyone, anything, both, each, either, everybody, everyone, everything, few, many, most, neither, nobody, none, no one, nothing, one, other, several, some, somebody, someone, something
Distributive	Each, either, neither
Reciprocal	Each other, one another
Emphatic	Myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves (when used for emphasis)

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4. Sentence Structure Formulas (All Types)

English Sentence Structures:

Hindi Sentence Structures (हिंदी वाक्य संरचना):

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5. Key Rules and Important Notes

Common Mistakes to Avoid:

• Incorrect: Me and my friend went there. ✓ Correct: My friend and I went there.
• Incorrect: This is between you and I. ✓ Correct: This is between you and me.
• Incorrect: Each of the boys have a pen. ✓ Correct: Each of the boys has a pen.

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Conclusion: Mastering pronouns is essential for fluency in both English and Hindi. Practice identifying and using each type in sentences. Remember that pronouns make our speech and writing more natural and less repetitive.